}!  W. 


03.*)  j 

■v.3 


UNIVERSITY  OF 
ILLINOIS  LIBRARY 
AT  URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 
BOOKSTACKS 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2015 


https://archive.org/details/systemofphysical03betz 


UltUre 


— BY  — 

C-ZaIEBILj  BETZ, 


Director  and  Supervisor  of  Physical  Culture,  Public  Schools,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


BOOK  TBZIBBIO, 


SECOND  (REVISED)  EDITION. 


)LES,  DUMB-BELLS,  WANDS,  RINGS  AND  INDIAN  CLUBS. 

With  Original  Illustrations  by  William  Weber, 


KAlTSiLS  CITY,  MO, 
1892,  ^ ^ 


t 


H 


city  PRESSE  PRT.,  303  E.  i 2TH  ST. 


. • 4 . 


COPYRIGHT  BY 


CARI,  BETZ, 

MARCH  1892. 


«L- 


Y^O/ith  Physical  Culture  we  aim  to  untold  the 
natural  and  symmetrical  beauty  of  the  human 
body,'  making  it  fit  and  capable,  in  every  phase  of 
moral  life,  to  obey  and  carry  out  the  will  of  its  supreme 
master,  the  mind. 


author’s  works  are  based  upon  the  principles 
of  the  German  System  of  Gymnastics.  But  the 
use  of  the  essentials  of  this  system,  their  classification, 
the  gradation  of  exercises,  the  system  of  commands, 
the  grand  divisions  of  the  whole  subject-matter,  and  all 
that  pertains  to  the  adaptation  of  Gymnastics  to 
the  Public  School  System  of  the  United  States, 
is  the  original  work  of  the  author. 


Definition 
Explanatory 
Classified  Index 


CLASSIFIED  I 


MISCELLANEOU 


Miscellaneous 


The  Poles  - 
The  Dumb-Bells 
The  Rings 
The  Wand 
The  Indian  Clubs 

Remarks  - 

Criticism  - 
Commands  - 

Description  of  Apparatus,  Racks,  etc. 

Poles 

Dumb-Bells 

Rings 

Wand 

Indian  Clubs 


Arrangment  of  the  Class. 

Poles 

Dumb-Bells 

Rings 

Wand 

Indian  Clubs 


Breathing 
Marking  Time 
Halting 
Marching 

Marching  with  Gymnastics 

Stepping 

Facing 

Wheeling 

Posing 

Grouping 

Fancy  Marches 


Gymnastic  Compositions. 

A Pole  Exercise 
A Dumb-bell  Exercise 
A Ring  Exercise 
A Wand  Exercise  ' - 
An  Indian  Club  Exercise 


Title  Page  Illustrations. 

Poles 

Dumb-bells 

Rings 

Wand 

Indian  Clubs 
Compositions 


6 


CLASSIFIED  INDEX. 


v-w| 


THE  POLES. 


General  Positions. 


Fundamental  Position 
Resting  Position 


Positions  of  the  Arms. 

Hands  on  hips 
Hands  under  shoulders  f 
Hands  over  shoulders  f 
Hands  over  head  ) 

Hor'zontal  Positions  ( 

Parallel  Positions  j " 

Vertical  Positions 
Diagonal  Positions 
Angular  Positions 
Oblique  Positions 


Arm  Movements. 

Raising  Arms,  Lowering  Arms,  Moving  Arms, 

Trunk  Movements. 

Bending  trunk  sideways,  right  and  left 
Rocking  trunk  sideways,  right  and  left 
Bending  trunk  forward  and  backward 
Turning  trunk  sideways,  right  and  left 

Foot  Movements. 

Raising  heels 
Sounding  heels 


Bending  knees 


Knee  Movements. 


Steppositions. 

Direct  stepposition  forward,  right  and  left  ) 

Direct  stepposition,  backw.  right  and  left 
Direct  stepposition  sideways,  right  and  left  j 
Oblique  stepposition,  forward,  right  and  left  ) 

Oblique  stepposition,  backward,  right  and  left  f 
Cross  stepposition,  forward,  right  and  left  ) 

Cross  stepposition,  backward,  right  and  left  j 
Cross  stepposition,  bending  both  knees 
Balance  steppositions 


Longes. 

Direct  longe,  forward,  backward,  sideways  right  and  le't 
Oblique  longe  forward,  backward  right  and  left 
Cross  longe  forward,  backward,  right  and  left  - 
Charging 

Longing  and  stepping 
Longing  and  letting  go  of  one  pole 


Longe  Reverses. 

Direct  longe-reverse  forward,  backward,  sideways,  right  and  left 
Oblique  longe-reverse  forward,  backward  right  and  left  - 
Cross  longe-reverse  forward,  backward,  right  and  left 
Balance  longe-reverses 


PAGE. 

20 

23 


22 


23 

25 

26 

27 
29- 


Thrusting  Arms 


24 


24 

29 


34 

- 36 


26 

26,  35 


28 


25 


28 


CLASSIFIED  INDEX.  7 


. 


THE  DUMB-BELLS. 


Positions  of  the  Bells. 


r-O 


In  position  forward  of  the  arms 
“ outward  ££  “ 

“ upward  ££  ££ 


A/OIS. 


Fundamental  positions 
Resting  position 


General  Positions. 


Positions  of  the  Arms. 


39’ 


41 

42 


Hands  on  hips 

£t  under  shoulders 

£ ‘ over  t£ 

“ “ head 

“ at  sides. 


Horizontal  positions 
Parallel  “ 

Vertical  ££ 

Slanting  ££ 

Oblique  ££ 

Diagonal  ££ 

Angular  ££ 


Raising  arms 
Lowering  arms 
Moving  arms 
Thrusting 
Turning  arms 
Swinging  arms 
Striking  bells 
Rolling  arms 


Bending  trunk 
Turning  trunk 
Rocking  trunk 
Bowing  trunk 


Raising  heels 
Sounding  heels 

Bending  knees 
Kneeling 

Direct 

Oblique 

Cross 

Balance 


Direct  j 
Oblique  > 
Cross  ) 

Direct 
Oblique 
Cross 
Balanc ; 


Arm  Movements. 


Trunk  Movements. 


Tout  Movements. 


Knee  Movements. 


Steppositions, 


Longes  . 


Longe-Reversks  . 


41 


42 

45 

46: 

48 

52 

53 


43 


54- 

- 56 

47,  52,  57,  58 

54 

47 

- 58 
52 

55 

43 

- 59' 

47 

- 59 

49- 

- 50 

55 

- 54 


55 


56. 

58 

59* 

60 


8 


CLASSIFIED  INDEX. 


THE  RINGS. 

Positions  for  Exercising. 

Front  position  - 

Facing  “ - 

Reverse  “ 


In  Front  Position. 


Positions  of  the  Arms. 


Inner  Arms. 


f Downward  ] 

j Forward 
J Upward 

Slanting  backward 

**  forward-downward  I 
“ forward-upward 


Outer 

Arms 


r Hands  on  hips 

kk  over  shoulders 
“ “ head 

Downward 
Outward 
Upward 

Oblique  downward 
kk  upward 


In  Facing  Positions. 


Downward  'I 

Outward  | 

Upward 

Oblique  downward  J» 

“ upward 
Diagonal 
Angular 

In  Reverse  Position. 

Downward  ^ 

Outward  j 

Upward  ! 

Oblique  j 

Diagonal  | 

Angular  J 

Free  Gymnastic  Movements. 

Step-positions  - 

Stepping  ...... 

Raising  heels  - 

Bending  and  turning  trunk  .... 
Turning  and  bending  head  .... 
Longes  - 

Lon  ge-re  verses  - - ... 

Resting  portion  ..... 


64 

- 65 


66 


64 


6S 


66 


67 


6 7 

- 68 

67 

- 68 

69- 

69  70  72 

7i 

- 6S 


CLASSIFIED  INDEX 


9 


THE  WAND. 


GRASPS  OF  THE  HAND. 
Ordinary,  Reversed,  Combined,  Twisted. 

Positions  of  the  Wand. 

Horizontal  Positions: 

Downward,  in  front 


Tv  .<  ► 


- ,8 

Page. 

77 


Forward,  upward;  downward,  in  back;  forward-downward, 
forward  upward  - 


78 


Vertical  Positions: 


Oblique  Positions: 


Slanting  Positions: 


Diagonal  Positions. 


Resting  positions 

Steppositions 

Longes 

Longe-reverses 
Raising  heels 
Turning  trunk 
Pending  trunk 
Bending  knees 


On  shoulders  - - - - 78 

On  chest  - 79 


On  shoulders  side-right,  side-left;  on  chest,  side-right,  side-left,  79 

On  back,  hands  fast;  on  back,  fists  on  chest  - - 81 


At  right  side,  downward;  at  left  side,  downward 
Over  head,  right  hand  forward;  left  hand  forward 
Reverse-forward  (twisted) 


At  right  shoulder 
At  left  shoulder 


77 

79 


Forward,  right  hand  upward  I 
Forward,  left  hand  upward  f 

Side-right,  right  hand  upward  I 
Side-left,  left  hand  upward  f 

Side-right,  left  arm  overhead  ) 

Side-left,  right  arm  overhead  f 

Side-right,  in  back,  right  hand  upward  I 
Side-left,  in  back,  left  hand  upward  f 
At  foot 


82 

82 

82 
84 

83 


Side-right,  downward,  upward;  side-left;  downward,  upward.  80 

Forward-downward,  right  hand  forward;  left  hand  forward  ) „ 

Forward-upward,  right  hand  forward;  left  hand  forward  \ a° 

Backward-downward,  right  hand  backward  ) 

Backward-downward  left  hand  backward  j ' ^o- 


Forward  downward,  side-right  ) 
Forward-downward,  side  right 
Forward-upward,  side-right  t 

Forward-upward,  side- left  ; 

Side  right,  upward 
Side-right,  downward 
Side- left  upward 
Side-left  downward 
Reverse- forward-downward  side-right  ( 

Reverse-forward-downward  side-left  f 

Forward,  right  hand  upward  \ 

Forward,  left  hand  upward  f 
Side-right,  left  hand  upward  I 
Side-left,  right  hand  upward  f 


85 


87 


86 

88 


88 

79>  83 
80,  8 1,  85,  86 
82,  84,  85,  86,  87,  88 
83 

81,  84,  85,  86,  87,  88 
- 84,  86 


85 


IO 


CLASSIFIED  INDEX. 


Oblique  positions. 


THE  INDIAN  CLUBS. 

Positions  of  the  Clubs. 

Clubs  on  floor 

Clubs  in  first  position 
Clubs  in  second  position 
Clubs  under  shoulders 
Clubs  on  shoulders 
Clubs  crossed  over  head 
Clubs  crossed  in  parallel  position 
Resting  position 

Positions  of  the  Arms. 

Position  outward,  forward,  upward 

Position  side-right,  side-left 

Slanting  position  . ~ 

Vertical  positions,  Angular  positions, 

Grouping 

Free  Gvmnastic  Movements 

Cv”™  StePP0Slti0nS’_  Lon^.  Longe-re verses.  Raising  heels.  Bending  knees-. 
Composition  . " 

CIRCLES. 

Half  circles  . . Fkont  Ar«  Circles  . 

Back  Arm  Circles. 

OUterth,S^  OUterIeft’.Wrleft’  — . dinner,  Oouble 

Side  Arm  Circles. 

Forward  right.  Backward  right.  Forward  left,  Backward  left 
Front  Hand  Circles. 

Outer  forward  right,  Inner  forward  right,  Out-r  backward  r'urht  t , , , . 

Outer  forward  left,  Inner  forward  left, 

Do'uble^bTckTLrd^^-  . ^ °U‘!r  Double  inner  forward" 

Sjde  Hand  Circles. 

Back  Back  inne: ,eft’ — — 

Wrist  Circles. 

Back-outer  right^  uiner  nght,  outer  left,  inner  left,  double  outer,  double  inner  (In  front  of 

Same  circles  in  back  of  the  arms.  * " “ . 

Combinations  . ► 

112,  113,  114 


PAGE. 

94 

95 

94 

96 
- 96 

95 

96 

92 


98 

99 

98 

99 
100 


IC2 

103 

104 


107 

108 


I.  •* 


IO9 


I 


REMARKS. 


In  the  spring-  and  fall,  when  the  weather  is  pleasant,  the  children 
should  enjoy  the  benefit  of  an  out-door  drill.  A few  vigorous  arm, 
foot  and  trunk  movements  will  bring-  the  life-blood  to  the  cheeks  of  all. 
Reg-ular  out-of-door  drills  will,  in  a short  time,  do  away  with  most 
school  head-aches. 

During-  the  season  of  fires,  every  precaution  ag-ainst  the  children 
taking-  cold,  should  be  observed.  Where  no  perfect  system  of  ventil- 
ation exists,  the  school-room  is  best  ventilated  in  the  following- way: 
AL  windows  are  slightly  opened  at  the  top,  and  only  one  or  two  from 

the  bottom,  but  so  as  not  to  let  a draught  strike  any  of  the  pupils. 

le  °ors  ma)  remain  closed.  Monitors  open  the  windows  after  the 
first  exercises  and  close  them  before  the  last. 

Insist  on  pupils  taking-  off  their  wraps  and  overshoes  while  in 
the  school-room. 


A vacant  class-room  or  a large  corridor  should  always  be  used  in 
preference  to  the  school-room.  Taking-  the  class  out  of  the  school- 
room gives  the  pupils  a change  of  air  and  while  the  children  are  out, 

11T  m thC  *Ch°f 1 ' room  is  &reatly  improved.  As  soon  as  possible, 
let  the  general  order  of  exercises  in  the  daily  drill  be  as  follows: 


1.  A short  drill  on  pcsitior.sof  the  arms. 

2.  A foot  exercise. 

3.  A breathing  exercise. 

4 A trunk  exercise. 

5.  An  arm,  a shoulder,  or  a hand  exercise. 

6.  A head  exercise. 

7.  A combination  exercise. 

8.  A marching  exercise. 

9.  A short  drill  on  the  positions  bl  e arms. 


™^rp“y  ,he  wi,h  m“*,c - 

Do  not  have  musical  accompaniment  oftener  than  once  a week 
Familiarize  yourself  with  all  the  positions  and  movements  used 

cTmMnratfons  t0  COmmit  t0  “7  of  the 


Remember  that  all  of  the  combination  exercises  in  the  manual 
are  intended  merely  as  illustrations  of  how  gymnastic  movements  may 
be  combined  The  number  of  such  possible  combinations  is  infinite 

diligent  work  and  perseverence  you  will  soon  learn  to  compose 
vour  own  exercises.  impose 

Do  not  use  gymnastics  as  a means  of  punishment. 

*»>■  G^hLS.Tks  °“ p,r"  “• 22' 32  “d  36 


POINTS  OF  CRITICISM 


ii. 


hi. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 


FOR 

LIGHT  GYMNASTIC  EXERCISES. 


ARRANGING  AND  DISMISSING  THE  CLASS. 

1 . Rising  and  sitting  in  the  class-room  should  be  done  quickly,  quietly 

and  uniformly. 

2.  Taking  and  replacing  the  apparatus:  This  should  be  done  quietly 

and  without  interfering  with,  or  interrupting  in  any  way,  the  ranks 
of  the  class. 

3 . Arrangement  of  the  class:  The  boys  and  girls  should  be  placed  in 

separate  rows,  and  graded  according  to  size,  the  shorter  ones  in 
front.  The  different  rows  should  be  arranged  according  to  some 
definite  plan,  so  that  the  whole  arrangement  of  the  class  will  be 
symmetrical  in  every  particular. 

STILLNESS  OF  PERSON. 

1.  Stillness  of  the  body  in  the  positions. — After  the  command  of 

execution  has  been  given,  the  head,  arms,  hands,  trunk  and  feet 
must  remain  fixed  in  the  required  position  until  relieved,  or 
changed  to  an  other  position  by  another  command. 

2.  Stillness  of  the  body  while  exercising. — During  an  exercise,  those 

members  of  the  body,  not  effected  by  the  command,  must  be  held 
still  in  their  fundamental  positions. 

STEADINESS  OF  FEATURES. 

1.  During  the  entire  drill  the  features  should  remain  calm  and 

undisturbed. 

2.  Whispering,  talking  and  laughing, 

3.  All  grimaces,  whether  intentional,  or  from  habit,  and 

4 . Exercising  with  the  mouth  open,  are  considered  as  faults. 
PROMPTNESS  IN  OBEYING  COMMANDS. 

1.  Taking  positions. 

2 . Beginning  and  stopping  exercises 

3.  Starting  and  halting  in  marching. 

CORRECT  POSITIONS  AND  MOVEMENTS. 

1.  All  positions  and  movements  of  the  arms,  head,  trunk,  limbs  and 
feet,  must  be  exact  and  true. 

2 . The  positions  of  the  apparatus  must  be  correct. 

UNIFORMITY  OF  MOTION. 

While  exercising  ar.d  marching. 

QUIETNESS. 

There  must  be  no  unnecessary,  or  undue  noise,  in  connection  with  the 
movements  of  the  feet  when  exercising,  or  marching. 


CRITICISM. 


iJ 


viii.  —ENERGY. 

1.  Positions  of  the  arms  should  be  taken  with  vim. 

2.  Movements  should  be  executed  forcibly. 

3.  Step-positions,  the  longes,  and  the  steps  in  marching,  should  be  firm 

and  vigorous. 

ix.  — GRACE. 

1.  All  positions  should  be  free  from  restraint. 

2.  The  movements  of  the  head  and  trunk,  feet  and  limbs,  while  vigorous r 

should  be  easy  and  graceful. 

3.  In  marching,  the  body  should  be  carried  proudly  and  the  step  shoulcb 

be  elastic. 

x. — MARCHING. 

1.  Correct  position  of  the  body: 

a.  Chin  raised. 

b.  Shoulders  back. 

c.  Trunk  erect  on  the  hips. 

d.  Feet  turned  outward. 

2.  Keeping  time. 

3.  Keeping  step. 

4.  Keeping  straight  ranks. 

5.  Turning  square  corners. 

6.  While  marching,  the  body  should  be  held  still. 

7.  The  steps,  while  vigorous,  should  be  quiet. 

xi. — USING  CORRECT  COMMANDS. 

The  commands  for  all  positions  and  exercises  should  be  given? 
accurately. 

xii. — DIFFICULTNESS  OF  EXERCISES. 

1.  Exercises  of  a lower  grade  are  not  to  be  rated  as  high  as  those  required*. 

2.  There  are  easy  and  difficult  combinations  of  the  movements  occuring; 

in  the  work  outlined  for  each  grade . 

xiii. — VARIETY  OF  EXERCISES. 

The  drill  should  include:  a)  a drill  on  some  of  the  important  positions; 
b)  a head,  arm,  trunk  and  foot  exercise,  in  the  lower  grades 
separate,  in  the  upper  grades  in  combinations;  c)  a breathing; 
exercise,  and  d)  a short  drill  on  marching  and  facing. 

xiv. — MANNER  OF  CONDUCTING  THE  DRILL. 

1.  When  you  are  conducting  the  exercise,  be  composed  and  stand  still) 

in  your  place. 

2.  While  conducting  the  exercise  do  not  talk  to  the  class  more  than  is 

absolutely  necessary.  Giving  lengthy  explanations,  scolding, 
threatening,  etc.,  are  signs  of  weakness. 

3.  Make  yourself  independent  of  the  manual  as  soon  as  possible. 

4.  Counting,  tapping,  etc.,  should  be  done  softly. 

5.  Give  the  explanatory  command  in  your  natural  pitch  of  voice,  laying 

stress  only  on  the  command  of  execution. 


There  are  four  kinds:’  Command  of  Caution,  of  Explanation,  of 
Execution,  and  of  Discontinuation. 

1.  The  Command  of  Caution  is  used  when  the  attention  of  the 
pupils  has  been  diverted. 

Commands  of  Caution  : 


2.  The  Command  of  Explanation  gives  a short  but  clear  and 
definite  description  of  the  position  that  is  to  be  taken,  or  the  exercise 
that  is  to  be  executed.  It  is  given  distinctly  and  slowly  in  the  natural 
tone  of  voice. 

3.  The  Command  of  Execution,  invariably  containing  but  one  word, 
calls  for  the  execution  of  the  exercise  demanded,  and  is  spoken  with 
emphasis. 

Commands  of  Execution  : 


Between  the  commands  of  Explanation  and  Execution  there  is  a 
slight  pause,  in  order  that  the  pupils  may  have  time  to  think  and  get 

ready.  It  is  represented  by  a line,  thus:  

4.  The  Command  of  Discontinuation  also  contains  but  one  short 
word,  and  is  spoken  loudly  and  sharply. 

Commands  of  Discontinuation  : 


Attention  ! 


Ready ! 


Stand ! 


Rest  ! 


Peace ! 
Down  ! 


Begin  ! 
March! 


Stop  ! 


Haet! 


Rest  ! 


THIRD  GRADE  AND  UPWARDS. 


THE  POLES. 


Tttt?  Appap  atttq* 

Material : Pine,  maple,  or  cherry  wood. 

Length  : 12  feet.  The  poles  may  be  made  longer,  or 

shorter,  if  desired. 

Thickness : launches  in  diameter. 

Color:  Black,  brown,  yellow,  or  any  color,  or  stain  to  suit. 
Cost:  From  $1.00  to  $1.50  a set. 

Two  POLES  CONSTITUTE  A SET. 

The  pu*pils  are  arranged  between  the  poles,  one  behind 
the  other,  evenly  graded  in  size,  and  boys  and  girls- 
in  separate  rows.  As  many  as  eight,  or  nine  pupils- 
can  exercise  with  one  set  of  poles. 

The  pupils  exercising  with  one  set  of  poles,  form  a section , and  two  or  more 
sections  exercising  in  common,  a division. 

Place  for  keeping  the  apparatus  when  not  used:  A rack  of  some  kind  is 

fastened  to  the  wall,  on  which  the 
poles  are  placed.  The  poles  should 
be  so  placed,  that  they  can  easily 
be  taken  and  replaced.  The  accom- 
panying cut  gives  an  illustration  of 
a suitable  rack  for  the  poles.  It  is 
made  of  wood  and  is  inexpensive. 


The  drill  can  not  be  given- 

BETWEEN  THE  DESKS  unless  the 
aisles  are  sufficiently  wide.  An.  < 
empty  room,  the  corridor,  or  a hall 
should  be  used,  if  there  be  one  at 
hand.  Of  course  the  drill  can  be 
given  in  the  school-yard;  in  fair,, 
mild  weather,  the  open  air  is  the 
^most  desirable  of  all  places.  The 
class-room  should  be  the  last  resort. 

Fig.  2.  Pole  Rack. 

Two  drills  A week  at  least  should  be  given.  The  exercises  may  be  given 
with'  musical  accompaniment.  However,  this  shculd  not  be  done,  un  1 
the  class  has  been  thoroughly  drilled.  The  exercises  learned  during  t e 
week,  may  be  put  together,  arranged  in  groups,  sy metrically,  ai  d given  o> 
the  accompaniment  of  music  on  Friday.  I do  not  advise  to  have  music, 
oftener  than  once  a week. 


POLES. 


i7 


LESSON  I. 

ARRANGING  THE  CLASS. 

iNote. — While  the  class  is  arranging  in  the  class-room,  several  boys,  appointed  by  the  teacher, 
place  the  poles  upon  the  floor  of  the  hall,  or  room,  where  the  exercise  is  to  be  given. 

At  the  command  “gymnastics!”  the  pupils  move  to  the  edge  of  the 
seats,  sit  erect,  place  their  hands,  clasped,  upon  the  desks,  and 
their  feet,  heels  closed  and  toes  apart,  squarely  upon  the  floor, 
under  the  desks. 

Next,  three  taps  are  given;  at  each  tap  the  pupils  move  quickly,  quietly 
and  uniformly. 

First  tap:  The  pupils  turn  outward,  place  their  feet  in  the  aisles,  heels  closed, 

toes  apart,  and  their  hands,  clasped,  in  their  laps. 

Second  tap:  All  rise,  (without  moving  the  feet)  facing  the  aisles,  and  place  the 

hands  at  the  sides  of  the  body,  letting  the  arms  hang  naturally. 

Third  tap:  The  pupils  walk  to  their  places,  keeping  step  and  time  and  arrange 

for  the  exercise,  or  for  marching  out  of  the  room,  as  the  case  may  be.  The  boys 
arrange  and  grade  themselves  on  one  side  of  the  room,  the  girls  do  the  same  on  the 
other  side. 

If  the  pupils  are  to  march  out  of  the  room  into  the  hall,  the  next  com- 
mand given  is: 

Mark  time  — March! 

Marking  time  is  a sham  walk.  The  feet  are  moved  as  in  walking,  but  without 
gaining  ground.  At  the  command  “march !”  all  begin  promptly  with  the  left  foot. 
The  feet  are  turned  downward  and  outward.  The  heel  of  the  advancing  foot  is  raised, 
and  the  knee  and  ankle  straightened,  while  the  toe  is  held  slightly  from  the  floor. 
The  body  should  be  held  still  and  erect  upon  the  hips,  and  the  whole  position  should 
be  free  from  restraint.  The  movement  of  the  limbs  should  be  energetic,  but 
• elastic  and  noiseless.  The  weight  of  the  body  is  over  the  standing  limb. 

Then  give  the  command : 

Forward  — March  ! 

All,  the  last  as  well  as  the  first  pupil,  start  off  promptly  with  the  left  foot.  The 
elass  marches  into  the  hall  and  each  section  between  its  two  poles,  where  they  mark 
time.  When  all  have  arranged,  give  the  command: 

Class  — Halt ! 

At  the  command  “halt!  ” given  the  instant  the  left  foot  touches  the  floor,  the 
pupils  cease  marking  time  with  the  step  of  the  right  foot.  (See  Fig.  3,  page  18). 


(Lesson  i continued  on  page  19.) 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


Fig.  3.  Class  Ready  for  the  Poles. 


Fig.  4.  Taking  the  Poles. 


POLES. 


!9 


LESSOR  I.  (Continued.) 

ARRANGEMENT  OF  THE  CLASS. 

The  class  may  be  arranged  in  one,  two,  three,  four,  or  more  sections, 
and  in  as  many  divisions  as  is  necessary  to  place  all  the  pupils. 
Let  us  take,  for  example,  a class  composed  of  28  girls  and  14 
boys.  Then  supposing  the  hall,  or  room  large  enough  to  place 
one  section  beside  the  other,  and  two  divisions,  one  behind  the  . 
other,  the  arrangement  of  the  class  would  be  as  shown  in 
the  diagram. 


DIAGRAM. 


Div.  B. 


Div.  A. 


Sec.  iv 
7 ~ 

6 — 

5 

4 — 

3 — 


7 

6 — 

5 

4 

3 T 
2 — 


Sec.  v. 


Sec.  vi. 


Sec.  i. 
Girls, 


Sec.  il 
Boys. 

N 

£ 

O 

& 


Sec.  in. 
Girls. 


It  is  evident,  from  this,  that  the  arrangement  of  the  class  depends  upon 
the  number  of  pupils,  the  size  and  shape  of  the  hall,  or  class-room 
and  the  taste  of  the  instructor. 


*20 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  I.  (Continued.) 


TAKING  THE  POLES  FROM  THE  FLOOR. 


The  class  is  now  ready  to  take  the  poles.  (Fig-.  3,  pag-e  18.)  The  fol- 
lowing- command  is  given: 

Poles  in  position  — Place  ! (Two  motions.) 


At  the  first  tap:  The  first  and  la=>t  pupils  in  each  section,  stoop  and  grasp 

the  poles.  (Fig.  4,  page  18.) 

At  the  second  tap:  The  first  and  last  pupils  in  each  section  rise,  holding 

the  poles  loosely,  but  carefully  in  their  hands,  knuckles  turned  outward,  and  all  the 
other  pupils  grasp  the  poles. 


INo  pupil  should  bear  upon  the  poles,  which  are  to  be  held  still  at  the 
sides  of  the  body. 


At  the  first  tap:  All  between  the  first  and  last  pupils  let  go  of  the  poles,  the 

first  and  last  pupils  stoop  and  place  the  poLs  carefully  upon  the  floor.  (Fig.  4,  page  18. 

At  the  second  tap  : The  first  and  last  pupils  rise.  (Fig.  3,  page  18.) 


Practice  taking-  the  poles  from,  and  placing-  them  upon  the  floor,  several 
times  in  succession. 


PLACING  THE  POLES  UPON  THE  FLOOR. 


Poles  upon  floor  — Place  ! (Two  motions.) 


POLES. 


21 


LESSORS  I.  (Concluded) 

DISMISSING  THE  CLASS. 

The  class  should  march  into  the  class-room  in  a definite  order.  Supposing  the  class  to  be 
arranged  as  shown  in  the  diagram,  page  19,  rows  2 and  3 would  face  about;  row  2 march  behind 
row  1;  row  1 behind  row  3,  and  the  last  pupil  of  row  3 lead  the  class  into  the  class-room. 

The  following  are  the  commands  to  be  given  : 

Row  2 and  3,  rigdit-about  — Face  ! 

At  the  command  “face!”  the  weight  of  the  body  is  thrown  upon  the  left  heel, 
both  toe 5 are  slightly  raised,  and  a half-turn  executed  by  turning  on  the  left  heel 
After  the  turn  the  toes  are  lowered  and  the  weight  of  the  body  rests  equally  on  both  feet. 

Mark  time  — March  ! 

Forward  (after  having-  explained  the  order  of  the  march) — March  ! 

The  class  marches  into  the  class-room  and  as  the  pupils  enter,  they  walk  directly 
to  their  seats,  and  stand  still,  with  their  backs  to  their  seats. 

After  all  are  standing,  the  following  signals  are  given  for  sitting  : 

At  the  first  tap  : The  pupils  sit  down,  and  place  their  hands,  clasped,  in  their 

laps. 

At  the  second  tap:  The  pupils  turn,  facing  front,  place  their  hands,  clasped, 

on  their  desks,  and  thei-r  feet  in  the  proper  position  on  the  floor. 

MARCHING. 

iln'marching,  careful  attention  should  be  given  to  the  carriage  of  the  body.  The  ollowing  are  the 
points  to  be  observed : 

1.  Chin  raised.  2.  Lips  closed.  3.  Head  still.  4.  Shoulders  back.  5.  Arms 
hanging  naturally;  knuckles  turned  slightly  forward.  The  arms  swing  slightly  in 
alternate  movements  with  the  limbs  6.  Knees  without  stiffness.  7.  Feet  turned 
outward.  In  placing  the  foot  upon  the  floor  (ground)  the  heel  is  put  down  first. 
8.  The  step  should  be  firm,  quiet  and  elastic.  9.  The  body  should  be  erect,  still 
and  free  Irom  restraint. 

When  marching  in  flank  rank  (one  behind  the  other)  the  following  points  should  be  observed: 

1.  Keeping  time.  2.  Keeping  step.  3.  Keeping  apart  at  proper  distance. 

4.  Keeping  the  rank  straight.  5.  turning  square  corners. 

IKeep  time  in  the  school  room  by  tapping  with  a pencil,  or  muffled  bell;  out-of-doors,  with  a drum. 


Fig.  5.  Fundamental  Position. 


22 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  2. 

Note:  The  following  lessons  begin  after  the  class  h is  been  arranged,  and  the  pupils  have  taken 

the  fundamental  position.  (Fig.  5.) 

The  poles  are  to  be  held  perfectly  still  in  the  positions. 

POSITIONS  OF  THE  ARMS. 

1/  Hands  on  hips  — Place  ! 

At  the  command  “place  ! ” i.  e.  the  instant  after  the  word  has  been  spoken,  the  pupils 
place  their  hands  (the  poles)  on  their  hips,  at  the  sides  of  the  b)dy,  very  quickly.  The 
wrists  are  bent  and  the  knuckles  placed  upon  the  hips,  (see  Fig.  11 .) 

2.  Arms  down  — Place  ! 

The  arms  are  placed  in  positions  downward. 

3.  Hands  under  shoulders  — Place  ! 

The  wrists  are  berft,  and  the  hands  placed  under  the  shoulders. 

Arms  down  — Place  ! 

The  arms  are  raised  outward  and  the 
hands  placed  over  the  shoulders.  The 
elbows  are  on  a level  with  the  shoulders, 
the  knuckles  are  turned  downward.  (Fig. 

6.) 

Arms  down  — Place! 

The  arms  are  lowered  as  they  were 
raised. 

5.  Hands  over  head — Place  ! 

The  arms  are  raised  outward,  and  the 
hands  placed  over  the  head.  The 
knuckles  are  turned  toward  the  head. 

The  hands  do  not  quite  touch  each 
other  and  do  not  quite  touch  the  head. 
The  wrists  and  elbows  should  be  gracefully 
curved. 


The  arms  ar±  lowered  as  they  were  raised. 

CHANGING  FROM  ONE  POSITION  TO  ANOTHER. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place  ! 

Hands  under  shoulders  — Place  ! 

Hands  over  shoulders  — Place  ! 

Hands  over  head  — Place  ! 

Hands  under  shoulders  — Placel 
Hands  over  shoulders  — Place  ! 

Hands  on  hips  — Place  ! 

Arms  down  — Place  ! 


4.  Hands  over  shoulders  — Place  ! 


Arms  down  — Place  ! 


POLES. 


O 


LESSOIM  3. 

HORIZONTAL  AND  PARALLEL  POSITIONS  OF  THE  ARMS. 

Review  the  pDsitions  of  Lesson  2. 

1.  Right  arm  in  (horizontal)  position  side-right  — Place! 

The  right  arm,  held  perfectly  straight,  is  raised  sideways  to  a level  with  the; 
shoulders.  The  movement  is  in  the  shoulder  joint.  The  knuckles  are  turned  upward. 

Arm  down  — Place  ! 

2.  Left  arm  in  (horizontal)  position  side-left  — Place! 

Same  as  position  at  the  left  side.  ’ 

Arm  down  — Place  ! 

3.  Arms  (both)  in  (horizontal)  position  outward  — Place! 

Positions  i and  2,  taken  simultaneously,  (Fig.  8.) 

Arms  down  — Place  ! 

4.  Right  arm  in  (vertical)  position  upward  — Place  ! 

The  right  arm  is  raised  sideways  through  the  horizontal  position  into  the  vertical 
position  upward.  The  knuckles  are  turned  to  the  left.  The  elbow  should  be  held  as 
straight  as  possible. 

Arm  down — Place  ! 

The  arm  is  lowered  sideways  through  the  horizontal  position  . 

5.  Left  arm  in  (vertical)  position  upward  — Place  ! 

Same  as  position  4,  at  the  left  side . 

Arm  down  — Place  ! 

6.  Arms  (both)  in  (vertical — parallel)  position  upward — Place  ! 

Positions  4 and  5,  taken  simultaneously. 

Arms  down  — Place  ! 

THE  RESTING  POSITION. 

The  resting  position  is  used  whenever  the  pupils  are  fatigued  from  exercise  or 
when  a lengthy  explanation  is  given 

From  the  fundamental  position  the  resting  position  is  taken  in  the  following 
manner  : 

a.  The  right  foot  is  moved  one  normal  step  backward. 

b.  The  body,  held  perfectly  still,  is  slightly  moved  backward  and  its  entire 
weight  thrown  upon  the  right  limb.  The  right  knee  is  kept  straight  and  rigid. 

c.  The  left  kneeis  slightly  bent. 

d.  The  hands  are  placed  upon  the  hips. 

These  four  movements  are  taken  simultaneously  at  the  command  : 

In  place  — Rest  ! 

When  changing  from  the  resting  to  the  fundamental  position,  these  four  move- 
ments are  reversed  : 

a.  The  right  foot  is  moved  forward, 

b.  The  body  is  moved  forward, 

c.  The  left  knee  is  straightened, 

d.  The  arms  are  lowered. 

And  taken  simultaneously  at  the  command  : 

In  (the  fundamental)  position  — Stand  ! 


24 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  4. 

ARM  EXERCISE. 

Note. — Repeat  each  exercise  several  times. 

. To  cease  the  exercise  give  the  command,  “halt !”  or  “stop  ! ” 

1 Raise  right  arm  into  position  side-right,  twice  — and  left  arm  into 
position  side-left,  twice  — in  8 counts  — Begin  ! 

One:  Right  arm  in  position  side-right . 

Two:  Right  arm  in  position  downward 

Three  and  Four  : The  same. 

Five:  Left  arm  in  position  side-left. 

Six:  Left  arm  in  position  downward. 

Seven  and  Eight:  The  same. 

2.  Arms  in  position  outward  — hands  on  hips  — hands  under  shoul- 

ders — arms  down  — and  repeat  — in  8 counts  — Begin  ! 

3.  Raise  right  and  left  arms  into  position  upward,  alternately,  twice. 

— in  8 counts  — Begin  ! 

One;  Right  arm  in  posit  on,  upward. 

Two:  Right  arm  in  position,  downward. 

Three:  Left  arm  in  position,  upward. 

Four:  Left  arm  in  position  downward. 

Five:  Same  as  one. 

Six:  Same  as  two 

Seven:  Same  as  three. 

Eight:  Same  as  four. 

4.  Arms  in  position  outward  — in  position  upward  — in  position  out- 

ward — arms  down  — and  repeat  — in  8 counts  — Begin  ! 

5.  Exercises  1,  2,  3,  and  4,  successively  — in  32  counts — Begin  ! 

In  place  — Rest ! 

Note. — Invent  new  combinations  of  the  positions  of  lessons  2,  and  3. 

TRUNK  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand  ! 

Hands  on  hips  — Place  ! 

1.  Bend  trunk  side-right,  in  two  counts  — Begin  ! 

At  One:  The  trunk  is  bent  directly  sideways  to  the  right  as  far  as  possible;  the 

feet  remain  firmly  on  the  floor,  the  knees  straight  and  together.  The  head  is  also 
slightly  bent  to  the  right,  but  the  movement  must  be  gradual  and  not  noticeable  apart 
from  the  movement  of  the  trunk.  The  left  flank  of  the  body,  from  the  crown  of  the 
head  to  the  foot,  should  be  a graceful  curve. 

At  Two:  The  head  and  trunk  are  raised  into  the  upright  position. 

2.  Bend  trunk  side-left,  in  2 counts. 

3.  Bend  trunk  side-right  — and  side-left, 
alternately  — in  4 counts. 

In  place  — Rest ! 

TRUNK  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand  ! 

1.  Arms  in  position  outward  — in  position 
upward  — bend  trunk  side-right  (two 
counts)  — bend  trunk  side-left  (two 
counts)  — arms  in  position  outward  — and 
arms  down  — in  8 counts  — Begin ! (Fig.  7) 

2.  The  same,  except  beginning  trunk  move- 
ment at  the  left  — in  8 counts. 

3.  Fxercises  1 and  2,  — in  16  counts. 

IFig.  7. — Trunk  in  position  side-left,  arms  in  position  upwards. 


POLES. 


2 S’ 


LESSON  5. 

VERTICAL  POSITIONS  OF  THE  ARMS. 

Note:  Begin  each  lesson  with  a short  drill  on  the  positions  of  the  arms,  reviewing  all  familiar 

positions 

Hands  on  hips  — Place ! 

1.  Vertical  position,  right  arm  upward,  left  arm  downward — Place  ! 

The  right  arm  is  thrust  into  position  upward,  the  left  arm  into  position  downward, 
simultaneously. 

2.  Arms  in  opposite  position  — Place  ! 

The  right  arm  is  lowered  through  the  side  right  position  into  position  downward,. 
— the  left  arm  is  raised  through  the  side-left  position  into  position  upward  — 
simultaneously . 

3.  Hands  on  hips  — Place  ! 

Arms  down  — Place  ! In  place  — Rest  ! 

FOOT  EXERCISE 
The  Direct  Step-Positions 

Note:  The  foot  is  placed  in  the  position  of  stepping;  the  step,  however,  is  not  taken,  the  foot  is 

brought  back  again  and  the  heels  closed.  Hence  the  term  step-position.  There 
are  six  direct  step-positions. 

In  position  — Stand  ! 

1.  Right  foot  in  step-position  forward  — Place  ! 

The  weight  of  the  body  is  thrown  upon  the  left  foot;  the  right  foot  is  moved 
forward,  and  placed  in  the  step-posicion : the  heel  is  raised,  the  ankle  straight- 
ened and  the  toe  touches  the  floor;  the  toe  ds  turned  outward  as  in  the  funda- 
mental position;  the  knee  is  straight  and  rigid.  The  body  is  kept  straight  and  still. 
Note:  In  all  of  the  step-positions  the  relative  position  of  the  feet  is  not  changed. 

Heels  closed  — Place  ! 

The  foot  is  brought  back  and  the  heels  closed.  The  weight  of  the  body  is  now 
again  equally  over  both  feet. 

2.  Heft  foot  in  step-position  forward — Place  ! Heels  closed  — Place  ! 

3.  Right  foot  in  step-position  backward  — Place  ! 

Heels  closed  — Place  ! 

4.  Heft  foot  in  step-position  backward  — Place  ! 

Heels  closed  — Place  ! 

5.  Right  foot  in  step-position  side-right  — Place  ! 

Heels  closed  — Place  ! 

6.  Heft  foot  in  step-position  side-left — Place  ! 

Heels  closed  — Place  ! Arms  down  — Place  ! In  place  — Rest  1 

ARM  AND  FOOT  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand  ! 

1.  Arms  in  position  outward  — 
step-position  side-left (2 counts)* 
— and  arms  down  — in  4 counts 
— Begin!  (Fig.  8.) 

One:  The  arms  are  placed  in 

position  outward 

Two:  The  left  foot  is  placed  in 

step-position  side-left. 

Three:  The  heels  are  closed. 

Four:  The  arms  are  lowered. 

2.  Arms  in  position  upward  — 
step-position  side-right  (2  counts) 

— andarms  down  — in  4 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1,  and  2,  — in 
8 counts. 


Arms  in  position  outward,  left  foot  in  step-position  side-left. 


2 6 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  6. 

The  Diagonal  Positions  of  the  Arms. 

Note.  — In  the  diagonal  position  of  the  arms  outward,  both  arms  are  fully  entended,  forming  a 
straight  line  drawn  diagonally  sideways,  through  the  shoulders 

Arms  in  position  outward  — Place  ! 

1.  Arms  in  diagonal  position  outward,  right  arm  upward  — Place  ! 

(Fig-.  13.) 

The  right  arm  is  placed  midway  between  outward  and  upward,  palm  turned 
downward,  the  left  arm  is  placed  midway  between  outward  and.  downward,  the  palm 
turned  downward. 

Arms  in  position  outward  — Place  ! 

Both  arms  are  placed  horizontally  outward. 

2.  Arms  in  diagonal  position  outward,  left  arm  upward  — Place  ! 

The  opposite  of  the  first  position. 

3.  Arms  in  opposite  position  — Place  ! 

Position  No.  i, 

Arms  in  position  outward  — Place! 

Hands  on  hips  — Place  ! 

In  place  — Rest ! 

ARM,  TRUNK,  AND  FOOT  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand  ! 

1.  Hands  on  hips  — arms  down  — arms  in  position  outward  — hands 
over  shoulders  — arms  in  position  upward  — hands  over  shoulders 

— arms  in  position  outward  --  and  arms  down  — in  8 counts  — 
Begin  ! 

;2.  Hands  on  hips  — bend  trunk  side-right,  and  step-position  side-left 
(two  counts)  — and  arms  down  — in  4 counts. 

One:  The  hands  are  placed  upon  the  hips. 

Two:  The  trunk  is  bent  into  position  side-right,  and  the  left  foot  is  placed  in 

step-position  side-left. 

Three:  The  trunk  is  raised  and  the  heels  closed. 

Four:  The  arms  are  lowered, 

3.  Hands  on  hips  — bend  trunk  side-left  and  step-position  side-right 

— and  arms  down  — in  4 counts. 

4.  Exercises  1,  2,  and  3,  — in  16  counts. 

In  place  — Rest ! 


FOOT  EXERCISE. 

Raising  Heels  in  Two  Counts. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place  ! 

Raise  both  heels,  in  2 counts  — Begin  ! 

One:  The  body,  being  kept  straight  and  still,  is  raised  onto  the  toes  as  high  as 

possible;  the  heels  remain  closed,  the  knees  rigid  and  closed. 

Two:  The  heels  are  lowered  energetically,  but  silently. 

Raising  Heels  in  One  Count. 

Raise  heels  — in  1 count  — 8 times  — Begin 

The  heels  are  raised  quickly  and  immediately  lowered  again,  the  count  being 
on  the  second  movement.  The  body  is  held  straight  and  still  and  is  raised  onto  the 
toes  as  high  as  possible;  both  movements  are  to  be  executed  energetically;  the  heels 
are  lowered  silently.  The  exercise  is  repeated  eight  times. 

Arms  down  — Place  ! 


POLES. 


27 


LESSON  7. 

The  Right-Angular  Position's  of  the  Arms. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place  ! 

Arms  in  angular  position  outward,  right  arm 
downward  — Place  ! 

Right  arm  in  position  downward  (palm  inward.) 

Left  arm  in  position  outward  (palm  downward.) 

Hands  on  hips  — Place  ! 

2.  Arms  in  opposite  position  — Place  ! 

Left  arm  in  position  downward  (palm  inward.) 

Right  arm  in  position  outward  (palm  downward.) 

Hands  over  shoulders  — Place  ! 

.3.  Arms  in  angular  position  outward,  right  arm  upward  — Place  ! 

Right  arm  in  position  upward  (palm  outward.) 

Left  arm  in  position  outward  (palm  downward,) 

Hands  over  shoulders  — Place  ! 

4.  Arms  in  opposite  position  — Place  ! 

Left  arm  in  position  upward  (palm  outward.) 

Right  arm  in  position  outward  (palm  downward.) 

Hands  on  hips  Place  ! In  place  — Rest  ! 

STEPPING. 

Forward,  Backward  and  Sideways. 

Note:  In  stepping,  with  the  exception  of  sideways  to  the  right,  the  left  foot  is 

invariably  advanced. 

In  tactic  exercises,  the  command  of  execution  is  invariably:  march\  that  of 

stopping:  halt ! 

In  position  — Stand  ! 

1.  One  step  forward  (two  counts)  — March  ! 

One,  The  left  foot  is  advanced  forward  and  placed  upon  the  floor.  Two,  The 
right  foot  is  brought  forward  and  placed  beside  the  left. 

2.  One  step  backward  (two  counts)  — March  ! 

One,  The  left  foot  is  moved  backward.  Two,  The  right  foot  is  moved  back- 
ward and  placed  beside  the  left. 

3.  One  step  side-left  (two  counts)  — March  ! 

One,  The  left  foot  is  movecl  sideways  to  the  left  and  placed  upon  the  floor. 
Two,  The  right  foot  is  moved  sideways  to  the  left  and  placed  beside  the  left  foot. 

4.  Two  steps  side-left  (four  counts)  — March  ! 

Same  as  two  single  side-steps. 

5.  One  step  side- right  (two  counts)  — March  ! 

One,  The  right  foot  is  moved  sideways  to  the  right  and  placed  upon  the  floor. 
Two,  The  left  foot  is  moved  sideways  to  the  right,  and  placed  beside  the  right  foot. 

6.  Two  steps  side-right  (four  counts)  — March  ! 

Same  as  two  single  sidesteps. 


Angular  Positions. 


28 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  8. 

THE  OBLIQUE  STEP  POSITIONS. 

The  oblique  step-positions  are  midway  between  the  forward  and  side,  and  the  backward  and  side 
direct  step-positions.  In  all  other  particulars  they  are  the  same  as  the  direct  step-positions 

Rig-ht  foot  in  oblique  step-position  forward  — Place! 
In  position  — Stand  ! (the  heels  are  closed.) 

Heft  foot  in  oblique  step-position  forward  — Place  ! 
In  position  — Stand  ! 

Rig-ht  foot  in  oblique  step-position  backward  — Place! 


In  position  — Stand  1 

Heft  foot  in  oblique  step-position  backward  — Place!: 
In  position  — Stand  ! 

In  place  — Rest  ! 


ARM  AND  FOOT  EXERCISE  WITH  STEPPING. 

In  position  — Stand  ! 

Hands  on  hips  — Place  ! 

1.  One  step  forward  (2  counts)  and  thrust  arms  downward  (2  counts) 

— in  4 counts  — Begin  ! 

2.  One  step  side-left  (2  counts)  and  raise  heels  (2  counts) — in  4 counts. 

3.  One  step  backward  (2  counts)  — and  thrust  arms  outward  (2  counts) 

— in  4 counts . 

4.  One  step  side-rig-ht  (2  counts)  — and  raise  heels  (2  counts)  — in  4 

counts. 

5.  Exercises  1,  2,  3 and  4,  in  16  counts. 

In  place  — Rest  ! 

BENDING  KNEES. 

In  position — Stand  ! Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

1.  Bend  knees,  in  two  counts  — Begin  ! 

One,  Both  knees  are  bent  equally  midway  between  forward  and  outward;  the 
feet  remain  firmly  on  the  floor.  The  trunk  and  head 
are  held  erect  on  the  hips.  The  knees  when  bent  are 
directly  over  the  toes.  Two,  The  knees  are  straight- 
ened and  closed. 

Note:  Bending  the  knees  is  an  important  exercise 

and  should  be  given  frequently  in  connection  with, 
arm,  leg  and  trunk  movements. 

In  place  — Rest ! 

ARM  AND  KNEE  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand  ! 

1.  Arms  in  position  outward  — bend 
knees  (2  counts)  — and  arms  down  — 
in  4 counts  — Begin!  (Pig-.  9.) 

2.  The  same  except  arms  in  positon 
upward  — in  4 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1,  and  2 — in  8 counts. 

Fig.  9 

Knees  bent,  arms  in  position  outward. 


CL 

A/\ 


'<? 


Obligue  step-position 
forward  right. 


S<f  , 


a 


Oblique  step-position, 
backward  right. 


POLES. 


29 


LESSON  9. 

The  Oblique  Positions  of  the  Arms. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

1.  Arms  in  oblique  position  downward  — Place!  (Fig-.  10.) 

The  right  arm  is  placed  midway  between  vertical  downward  and 
horizontal  side-right;  the  left  arm  is  placed  midway  between  vertical 
downward  and  horizontal  side-left.  Both  palms  are  turned  downward. 
Ihe  movements  of  the  arms  are  simultaneous. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

Oblique  downward.  1*  Arms  in  oblique  position  upward Place’ 

V / 1 he  right  arm  is  placed  midway  between  vertical  upward  and 

\ / horizontal  side-right;  the  left  arm  is  placed  midway  between  vrrttcal 

X uPward  aud  horizontal  side-left;  both  palms  are  turned  outward. 


Oblique  upward. 


Hands  on  hips  Place!  In  place  — Rest! 
ARM  AND  FOOT  EXERCISE. 


In  position  — Stand! 

Arms  in  oblique  posi.  down,  and  raise  heels  (1  c.)  (Fig-.  10.)  — hands 

on  hips  and  lower  heels  (1  count) 

hands  over  shoulders  — arms  in  oblique 
position  upward  — hands  over  shoul- 
ders  — hands  on  hips  — arms  in  oblique 
position  downward  and  raise  heels  (1 
count)  arms  down  and  lower  heels 
(1  count)  — in  8 counts  — Beg-in! 

2.  Arms  in  position  outward  and 
oblique  step-position  forward  rig-ht 
^ <LOU1?^^  arms  in  position  upward 
and  close  heels  (1  count)  — arms  in 
position  outward  and  oblique  step- 
position  forward  left  (1  count)  — arms 
down  and  close  heels  (1  count)  — in  4 
counts. 

3.  Same  as  exercise  2,  except  oblique 
step-position  backward  — in  4 counts. 


Fig.  io.  — Arms  in  oblique  position  down 
ward,  heels  raised. 


Exercises  1,  2,  and  3,  in  16  counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

ARM  AND  TRUNK  EXERCISE. 

(Rocking  Trunk.) 

In  position  — Stand! 

Arms  in  position  outward  - hands  on  hips  — bend  trunk  in  position 
side-right  — rock  trunk  left  and  right  (2  counts)  — raise  trunk  — 
arms  m position  outward  — and  arms  down  — in  8 counts Beg-in ! 

In  rocking  the  trunk,  the  trunk  is  bent  from  one  of  the  side  positions  into  the 
opposite  without  pausing  in  the  upright  position. 

The  same,  except  beginning  the  trunk  movement  at  the  left  — in 
8 counts. 

Exercises  1 and  2 alternately  — in  16  counts. 


3° 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  10. 

THE  CROSS-ST EPPOSITION. 


In  the  cross-steppositions,  the  stepping  foot  crosses  the  straight  (imaginary 
or  real)  line  drawn  from  the  heels  forward,  or  backward.  In  other  particu- 
lars the  cross-stepposition  is  the  same  as  the  direct-stepposition.  The  body 
is  not  moved  and  its  weight  rests  entirely  on.the  standing  limb  ; both  knees  are 
straight  and  rigid  ; the  heel  of  the  stepping  foot  is  raised. 


Cross-stepposition  Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

forward  right. 


1.  Right  foot  in  cross-stepposition  forward  — Place! 

The  right  foot  is  placed  in  the  position  shown  in  the  diagram. 

Heels  closed  — Stand! 

2.  Heft  foot  in  cross-stepposition  forward  — Place!  (Fig.  11.) 

The  left  foot  is  p'aced  in  front  of  the  right  foot. 

Heels  closed  — Stand! 

3.  Right  foot  in  cross-stepposition  backward  — Place! 


a 


b 


The  right  foot  is  placed  behind  the  left  foot ; the  heel  of  the  right  foot  is 
raised  and  is  opposite  the  left  toe.  The  right  toe  is  opposite  the  left  heel. 

Heels  closed  — Stand! 

4.  Heft  foot  in  cross-stepposition  backward  — 
Place! 


Cross-stepposition  The  left  foot  is  placed  in  position  behind  the  right  foot, 

backward  right. 

Heels  closed  — Stand! 


Note. — Next  give  each  of  the  above 
positions  as  an  exercise  in  2 counts,  the  first 
count  being  the  position,  the  second  closing 
heels.  Lastly,  combine  all  of  the  positions, 
in  8 counts. 

Arms  down  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 

Arm,  Foot  and  Knee  Exercise. 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Arms  in  position  outward  and 
bend  knees  (1  count)  — hands 
on  hips  and  straighten  knees 
(1  count)  — hands  over  shoul- 
ders — arms  in  position  up- 
ward — arms  in  oblique 
position  upward  and  cross- 
stepposition  forward  left  (1 


Fig.  11.  — Left  foot  in  Cross-stepposition  forward 
— hands  on  hips. 


count)  (Fig.  12.)  — arms  in  position  outward  and  close  heels  (1 
count)  — hands  on  hips  — and  arms  down  — in  8 counts  — Begin! 

2.  The  same,  except  cross-stepposition  forward  right  — in  8 counts. 

3.  Hxercises  1 and  2 — in  16  counts. 


POLES. 


31 


LESSON  II. 


THE  DIRECT  LONGE. 

The  Longe  Forward. 


Hands  on  hips  — Place  ! 

1.  Longe  forward  rig-ht,  in  2 counts  — Begin! 


At  One;  The  right  foot  is  advanced  directly  forward 
a distance  of  about  two  normal  steps  ; the  whole  foot  is 
planted  firmly  upon  the  floor,  the  toe  turned  outward;  the 
knee  bends  quickly,  but  gradually.  The  left  foot  is  not 
moved ; the  left  knee  is  kept  straight  and  rigid.  The 
trunk  is  moved  forward,  but  is  held  erect  and  still  on  the 
hips.  The  head  is  held  straight  and  still.  The  weight  of 
the  body  is  over  the  right  (bent)  knee. 

At  Two:  The  body  is  brought  back  to  the  starting 
position.  The  movement  is  rather  slow  and  no  noise 
should  be  made. 

2.  Longe  forward  left,  in  2 counts. 

3.  Longe  forward  right  and  left,  in  4 

counts. 


Fig.  12.  Cross-stepposition  forward  left,  Arms  down  Place’ 

heels  raised,  arms  in  oblique  position 

upward.  In  place — Rest! 


The  Longe  Sideways. 

In  position  — Stand! 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

1.  Longe  side-right,  in  2 counts  — Begin!  (see  Fig.  13.) 

The  step  is  taken  directly  to  the  side,  and  the  body,  without  changing  its 
position,  moved  to  the  side.  In  other  respects,  the  same  as  longe  forward. 

2.  Longe  side-left,  in  2 counts. 

3.  Longe  side-right  — and  left,  in  4 counts. 

Arms  down  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 


The  Longe  Backward. 

The  longe  backward  is  the  most  difficult  of  the  three  direct  longes,  and  requires 
especial  attention  and  practice.  It  is  in  every  particular  the  reverse  of  the  longe 
forward. 


1. 

2. 

L 


In  position  — Stand! 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

Longe  backward  right,  in  2 counts  — Begin! 
Longe  backward  left,  in  2 counts. 

Longe  backward  right  — and  left,  in  4 counts. 
Arms  down  — Place! 


32 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  12. 

LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

Hands  on  hips  — longe  side-right 
and  arms  in  diagonal  position  out- 
ward, right  arm  upward  (1  count) 
(Fig.  13,)  — recover,  and  hands  on 
hips  (1  count) — and  arns  down  — in 
4 counts  — Begin! 

jcover  = The  reverse  movement  of  the  longe. 

The  same,  except  opposite  longe,  and 
opposite  diagonal  position  — in  4 
counts. 

Longe  sideways  left,  and  diagonal  position 
outward,  left  arm  upward. 

Exercises  1 and  2 — in  8 counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

Fig.  13. — Longe  side-right,  arms  in  diagonal  position  outward,  right  arm  upward. 

The  Direct  Longe-Reverse. 

In  position  — Stand!  Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

1.  Longe-reverse  forward  right,  in  2 counts  — Begin! 

One:  The  body  sinks  down  in  the  left  knee,  and  the  right  foot  moves  forward  , 

into  stepposition  forward,  but  again  as  far  as  in  the  stepposition  with  both  knees  , 
straight.  The  entire  weight  of  the  body  is  over  the  bent  (left)  knee . Head  and 
trunk  are  held  erect;  the  right  knee  remains  straight  and  the  heel  of  the  right  foot  : 
is  raised.  Two:  The  left  knee  is  straightened  and  the  heels  closed. 

2.  Longe-reverse  forward  left. 

The  right  knee  bends  and  the  left  foot  is  placed  in  stepposition  forward. 

3.  Longe-reverse  side-right. 

The  left  knee  bends  and  the  right  foot  is  placed  in  stepposition  side-right. 

4.  Longe-reverse  side-left. 

The  right  knee  bends  and  the  left  foot  is  placed  in  stepposition  side-left. 

5.  Longe-reverse  backward-right. 

The  left  knee  bends  and  the  right  foot  is  placed  in  stepposition  backward-right.  I 

6.  Longe-reverse  backward-left. 

The  right  knee  bends  and  the  left  foot  is  placed  in  stepposition  backward-left.  . 4 

Arms  down  — Place!  In  place  — Rest! 


LEG,  ARM  AND  HEAD  EXERCISE. 


The  Oblique-Longe  and  Turning  Head. 


1. 


2. 

3. 


The  Obliqtje-Longes,  like  the  oblique-steppositions,  are  midway  between  j 
forward  and  sideways,  and  sideways  and  backward.  The  body  is  not  turned  and  in 
every  particular  except  the  direction,  they  are  like  the  direct  longes. 

Turning  head,  the  head  makes  a quarter  turn  on  its  perpendicular  axis.  I 
At  the  second  count,  the  head  is  turned  to  the  front. 


In  position  — Stand! 

Arms  in  position  outward  — oblique-longe  forward-right  (1  count) 

— turn  head  side-right  — (2  counts)  — side-left  (2  counts) 

— recover  — and  arms  down  — in  8 counts. 

The  same,  except  oblique-longe  backward-left  — in  8 counts. 
Exercises  1,  and  2 — in  16  counts. 


POLES. 


33 


LESSON  13. 

LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

The  Oblique  Longe-Reverse. 

The  oblique  longe-reverses  are  midway  between  forward  and  sideways  and  backward  and  sideways. 
The  body  is  not  turned. 

Oblique  long-e-reverse  forward  rig-lit  and 
hands  on  hips  (1  count)  (Fig*.  14)  — 
recover  and  arms  in  position  upward 
(1  count)  — oblique  long-e-reverse  for- 
ward left  and  arms  in  position  outward 
(1  count)  — recover  and  arms  in  position 
upward  (1  count)  — oblique  long-e- 
reverse  backward  rig-ht  and  arms  in 
position  outward  (1  count)  — recover 
and  arms  in  position  upward  (1  count) 
— oblique  long-e-reverse  backward  left, 
and  hands  on  hips  (1  count)  — recover 
and  arms  down  (1  count)  — in  8 counts 
— Begin! 

Fig.  14. — Oblique  Longe-reverse  forward  left,  hands  on  hips. 

In  place  — Rest! 

LEG,  ARM,  AND  STEPPING  EXERCISE. 
Cross-Stepposition  with  Bending  Both  Knees. 

Both  knees  are  slightly  bent;  otherwise  same  as  cross-stepposition.  (Fig.  15  ) 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Cross-stepposition  forward  right,  bending  knees  and  raising  heels, 
and  arms  in  position  outward  (1  count)  — close  heels  and  arms 
down  (1  count)  — *charge  into  longe  position  side-right,  and  hands 
on  hips  (1  count)  close  heels  right  foot  fast,f  and  arms  down  (1 
count)  — charge  into  longe  position  side-left,  and  hands  on  hips 
(1  count)  — close  heels,  left  foot  fast  and  arms  down  (1  count) 
cross-stepposition  forward  left,  bending  knees  and  raising  heels, 
and  arms  in  position  outward  (1  count)  — close  heels  and  arms 
down  (1  count)  — in  8 counts  — Begin! 

* Charge : 

More  spring  to  the  longe  and  the  foot  is  lightly  stamped  upon  the  floor. 

f Close  heels,  right  (left)  foot  fast: 

The  foot  that  was  advanced,  remains  firmly  on  the  floor,  and  the  other  foot  is  moved  sideways 
and  the  heels  closed.  The  rank  will  then  have  taken  one  (double)  step  sideways. 


34 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  14. 

LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 


The  Cross-Longe. 

As  the  direct-longe,  in  regard  to  distance,  is  a continuation  of  the  direct-stepposition,  and  the 
oblique-longe,  of  the  oblique-stepposition,  so  is  the  cross-longe  a continuation  ofthecross- 
stepposition. 

1.  Cross-longe  forward  right  and  hands  on  hips 
(1  count)  — oblique-longe  backward  right  and 
arms  in  oblique  position  downward  (1  count)  — cross- 
longe  forward  right  and  hands  on  hips  (1  count) 

— recover  and  arms  down  (1  count)  — in  4 counts 
— Begin! 

2.  THe' same  with  left  leg  — in  4 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2 — in  8 counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

Cross-longe  forward  right. 

TRUNK,  LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

(Bending  Trunk  Forward  and  Backward.) 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Hands  on  hips  (1  count)  — arms  in  position  outward  (1  count)  — , 

bend  knees  (2 counts)  — bend  trunk  obliquely  forward*  (2  counts) 

— hands  on  hips  (1  count)  — and  arms  down  (1  count)  — in  8 counts. 

2.  The  same,  except  bending  trunk  backward  f — in  8 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2 — in  16  counts. 

* At  the  first  count:  The  trunk  is  bent  obliquely  forward:  the  knees  remain  ( 

straight  and  closed,  and  the  feet  firmly  on  the  floor;  the  head  and  neck  are  on  a line 
with  the  trunk;  the  eyes  are  cast  downward. 

At  the  second  count:  The  trunk  is  raised  into  the  upright  position, 

t At  the  first  count:  The  trunk  is  bent  backward  as  far  as  possible  without  bend- 
ing  or  opening  the  knees;  the  head  also  is  gradually  bent  backward  with  the  trunk. 
The  eyes  are  Cast  upward. 

At  the  second  count:  The  trunk  and  head  are  raised  into  the  upright  position.  ] 


THE  CROSS-LONGE-RE VERSE. 


The  cross-longe-reverse  is  identical  with  cross-stepposition  and  bending  the 
knee  of  the  standing  limb.  tfoth  movements  are  taken  simultaneously. 

The  following  are  the  cross-longe-reverses  ; use  them  with  other  movements. 


1.  Cross-longe-reverse  forward  right.  • 

2.  Cross-longe-reverse  forward  left. 

3.  Cross-longe-reverse  backward  right. 

4.  Cross-longe-reverse  backward  left. 


POLES 


35 


LESSON  15. 

LEG,  FOOT  AND  ARM  EXERCISES. 

Sounding  Heels. 

1.  Arms  in  position  outward  (1  count)  — sound  heels  * (1  count)  — longe 

side-right  and  arms  in  'position  upward  (1  count)  — (remain- 
ing in  the  longe  position)  arms  in  position  outward  (1 
count)  — arms  in  position  upward  (1  count)  — recover  and  arms 
in  position  outward  (1  count)  — sound  heels  * (1  count)  — and  arms 
down  (1  count)  — in  8 counts  — Begin! 

* Sounding  Heels;  Raising  and  lowering  heels  quickly  in  i count. 

2.  The  same  except  longe  side-left  — in  8 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2 in  1 6 oounts. 

In  place  — Rest!  In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Right  hand  on  hip  (1  count)  — left  arm  in 
oblique  position  upward  (1  count)  — 
cross-stepposition  forward  right  and 
left,  bending  both  knees  and  raising 
both  heels  (4  counts)  (Fig.  15)  — left  hand 
on  hip  (1  count)  — and  arms  down 
(1  count)  — in  8 counts. 

2.  Longe  forward-right,  and  arms  in  position 
outward  (1  count)  — arms  in  position 
downward  (1  count)  — arms  in  position 
outward  (1  count)  — and  recover  and 
arms  down  (1  count)  • — in  4 counts. 

Fig,  15. — Cross-stepposition  forward  left,  knees  bent,  heels  raised,  left  arm  in  oblique  position 
upward;  right  hand  on  hip. 

3.  The  same,  except  longe  forward  left  — in  4 counts. 

4.  Exercises  1,  2 and  3 in  16  counts. 

5.  Left  hand  on  hip  (1  count)  — right  arm  in  oblique  position  upward 

(1  count)  cross-stepposition  backward  right  and  left  with  bending 
both  knees  and  raising  both  heels  (4  counts) — right  hand  on 
hip  (1  count)  — and  arms  down  (1  count)  — in  8 counts. 

6.  Longe  backward  right  and  arms  in  position  outward  (1  count)  — 

arms  in  position  upward  (1  count)  — arms  in  position  outward 
(1  count)  — recover  and  arms  down  (1  count)  — in  4 counts. 

7.  The  same,  except  longe  backward  left  — in  4 counts. 

8.  Exercises  5,  6,  and  7 in  1 6 counts. 

9.  Exercises  4 and  8 in  32  counts. 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


36 


LESSON  16. 

THE  BALANCE  - STEPPOSITION. 
Balance-Longe-Reverse  . 

In  the  balance-steppositions  and  balance-longe  reverses  the  stepping  foot  does  not  touch  the  floor, 
but  is  held  immediately  over  it.  The  body  balances  on  the  standing  limb. 

Before  using  these  movements  in  combinations,  drill  separately  on  each  ol  the  following: 

Balance-stepposition  forward  right  and  left. 
Balance-stepposition  backward  right  and  left. 
Balance-stepposition  sideways  right  and  left. 
Balance-oblique-stepposition  forward  right  and  left. 
Balance-oblique-stepposition  backward  right  and  left. 
Balance-cross -stepposition  forward  right  and  left. 
Balance-cross-stepposition  backward  right  and  left. 
Balance-longe-reverse  forward  right  and  left. 

Balance  longe-reverse  backward  right  and  left. 
Balance-longe-reverse  sideways  right  and  left. 
Balance-oblique-longe-reverse  forward  right  and  left. 
Balance-oblique-longe-reverse  backward  right  and  left. 

Balance  cross-longe-reverse  forward  right  and  left. 
Balance-cross-longe-reverse  backward  right  and  left. 

LEG,  TRUNK,  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

Turning  Trunk:  The  trunk  is  turned  sideways  right  and  left  on  its  perpendicular  axis.' 

Balance  - oblique  longe-reverse 
forward  right,  and  arms  in 

position  outward  (1  count)  — 
arms  in  position  upward  (1  count} 
— arms  in  position  outward  ( 1 
count)  — and  recover  and  arms 
down  (1  count)  — in  4 counts  — 
Begin! 

The  odd  numbers  let  go  of  the  left 
pole,  longe  side-right,  turn  trunk 
side-right,  bend  head  backward, 
and  place  right  arm  in  oblique 
position  upward  — the  even  num- 
bers let  go  of  the  right  pole,  longe 
side-left,  turn  trunk  side-left, 
bend  head  backward,  and  place 
left  arm  in  oblique  position  up- 
ward (all  in  1 count)  — and  all 
recover  grasping  the  other  pole 
(1  count)  — in  two  counts. 

3.  Same  as  exercise  1,  except  balance-oblique-longe-reverse  forward 

left  — - in  4 counts. 

4.  Same  as  exercise  2,  except  all  reverse  their  exercise  — in  2 counts. 

5.  Kxercises  1 once  — 2 twice  — 3 once  — and  4 twice  — in  1 6 counts. 


1. 


Fig  16  — Longe  (sideways)  outward,  trunk 
turned  outward,  head  bowed  backward, 
outer  arm  in  oblique  position  upward, 
and  inner  hand  on  hip. 


— — — -~3~- 

The  Dumb-Bells 


THE  DUMB-BELLS, 


The  Apparatus:— 

Material:  Maple  wood,  polished. 

Weight’  i\  pounds  each. 

Cost:  About  45c.  per  pair. 

A PAIR  OF  DUMB-BELLS  IS  REQUIRED  FOR  EACH  PUPIL. 

Place  for  keeping  the  dumb-bells  when  not  in  use:  A bracket  of  wood 
with  notches,  fastened  to  the  wall.  On  this  board  the  dumb-bells  rest 
as  shown  in  the  cut. 

Taking  the  apparatus:  The  pupils  march  in  flank  rank  in  front  of  the  rack, 

each  pupil  in  turn  taking  a pair  of 
dumb-bells.  The  bells  are  held 
at  the  sides,  with  arms  extended 
downward  or  hands  placed 
upon  hips  (Fig.  22.)  In  taking 
and  replacing  the  bells  the  pupils 
should  not  lose  step,  or  time, 
and  the  rank  should  not  spread. 
Taking  and  replacing  the  bells 
should  be  done  quietly. 

Boys  and  girls  should  be  . 
arranged  in  separate  rows,  graded 
according  to  size,  the  shorterones 
in  front. 

At  least  two  drills  a 

WEEK  SHOULD  BE  GIVEN. 


It  is  not  advisable  to  accompany  the  exercises  with  music  until  the  class  has 
been  thoroughly  drilled.  Music  once  a week  should  suffice. 

Keep  time  by  tapping  lightly  with  a pencil. 

In  teaching  combinations,  practice  the  elementary  exercises  first,  each  alone; 
then  combine. 


DUMB-BELLS 


39 


In  position  forward: 

a.  Horizontal  (palms  downward.)  e,  . Vertical,  (right  palm  to  the  left,  left 

Parallel-vertical  (palms  inward.)  palm  to  the  right.) 

C,  Parallel-slanting  (palms  inward.)  f.  Horizontal-forward,  grasping  the 

d , Parallel-horizontal  (palms  inward.)  bell  (palms  upward  ) 

In  position  outward: 

g,  Parallel- vertical  (palms  forward. ) Horizontal  (palms  forward.) 

h , Parallel  - horizontal  (palms  down-  j.  Horizontal,  - grasping  the  bell 

ward.)  (palms  upward.) 

In  position  upward: 

T _ _ . , , , , „ m.  Parallel-vertical  (palms  inward.) 

k,  Horizontal  (palms  forward.) 

n,  Vertical  grasping  the  jbell  (palms 

l.  Parallel-horizontal  (palms  inward.)  forward.) 


40 


LTGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  I. 

TO  ARRANGE  THE  CLASS  FOR  THE  DRILL. 

At  the  command  “gymnastics”  the  pupils  sit  erect,  as  described  on  page  17. 

First  Tap:  Pupils  turn. 

Second  Tap:  Pupils  rise. 

Third  Tap:  The  pupils  march  to  the  places  assigned  to  them,  keeping  step 
and  time,  take  the  dumb-bells  as  they  pass  the  rack  (page  38)  and  halt  when  they 
have  arrived  at  their  places. 

Supposing  your  boys  and  girls  to  be  nearly  equally  divided,  and  in  sufficient  nu  libers  to  make 
four  rows,  the  class  should  be  arranged  in  the  aisles,  or  in  the  hall,  as  sho  va  in  the  following, 
diagram : 

1 2 3 4 

Boys.  Girls.  Girls.  Boys. 

If  the  drill  is  to  be  given  in  a hall,  the  pupils  are  marched  out  into  the  hall,  where  they  take  the 
dumb-bells  from  the  rack  and  rearrange  themselves  for  the  drill,  according  to  the  diagram,  or 
in  any  other  order  to  suit  the  size  and  shape  of  the  hall,  or  the  taste  of  the  instructor. 

TO  DISMISS  THE  CLASS. 

The  class  (in  four  ranks)  is  transformed  into  a “line  in  flank”  i.  e.  the  four  flank  ranks  arrange  one 
behind  the  other. 

Rank  1 marches  forward,  turns  to  the  left,  aid  passes  in  front  of  ranks  2,  3,  and  4,  which,  in  turn, 
fall  in  the  line  as  it  passes.  The  class  then  marches  to  the  rack,  replacing  the  bells,  and  then 
into  the  class-room . As  the  pupils  enter  the  room,  they  may,  in  order  to  save  time,  march: 
directly  to  their  seats  and  sit  down  without  waiting  for  any  further  orders.  The  pupils 
should,  however,  keep  the  correct  sitting  position,  until  relieved  by  the  teacher. 

Read  carefully  lesson  1,  of  the  pole  exercises,  (pages  17-21.) 


DUMB-BELLS. 


4i 


LESSON  2. 


POSITIONS  OF  THE  ARMS. 


;Note: — All  of  the  following  lessons  begin  in  the  Fundamental  position.  (Fig  20.) 


1.  In  position  — Stand! 

The  bells  are  parallel  and  horizontal,  palms 
turned  inward  (Fig.  20.) 

2.  Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

The  knuckles,  wrists  bent,  are  placed  upon 
the  hips  at  the  sides  of  the  body.  The  bells  are 
parallel  and  horizontal  (see  Fig.  22.) 

3.  Arms  down  — Place  ! 

The  arms  are  thrust  into  the  fundamental 
position. 

4.  Hands  under  shoulders  — Place! 

The  hands,  wrists  bent,  are  placed  under  the 
shoulders,  bells  parallel  and  horizontal. 

Arms  down  — Place! 


.Fig,  20.  Fundamental  Position. ( 5.  Hands  over  shoulders  — Place! 


The  arms  are  raised  forward,  close  by  the  body,  and  the  hands,  wrists  bent, 
elbows  on  a level  with  the  shoulders,  are  placed  over  the  shoulders.  The  bells 
are  parallel  and  horizontal.  (Fig.  6 and  23.) 


Arms  down  — Place! 


The  arms  are  lowered  close  by  the  body. 

6.  Hands  over  head  — place! 

The  arms  are  raised  as  in  “over  shoulders”,  and  the  hands,  wrists  bent,  elbows 
curved,  placed  over  the  head.  The  bells  are  parallel  and  horizontal  and  do  not 
quite  touch. 

Arms  down  — Place! 


The  arms  are  lowered  forward,  keeping  close  to  the  body. 

7.  Hands  at  sides  — - Place! 

The  hands  are  placed  near  the  chest  at  the  sides.  The  bells  are  parallel  and 
vertical. 

Arms  down  — Place! 

Next,  Change  from  one  position  to  another  without  BRiNGinG  the  arms  into  the 
Fundamental  Position. 


42 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  3. 

POSITIONS  OF  THE  ARMS. 

Fundamental  position. 

1.  Arms  in  position  forward  — Place! 

The  arms  are  raised  forward  to  a level  with  the  shoulders.  The  arms  are 
parallel  and  horizontal.  The  bells  are  parallel  and  vertical,  palms  towards  each 
other*. 

Arms  down  — Place! 

2.  Arms  in  position  outward  — Place! 

The  right  arm  is  raised  sideways  to  the  right,  the  left  to  the  left,  to  a level  with 
the  shoulders  The  bells  are  parallel  and  horizontal,  palms  downward*.  (Fig  8 and  23.)- 

Arms  down  — Place! 

3.  Arms  in  position  upward,  raised  forward  — Place! 

The  arms  are  raised  through  the  forward  position  into  position  upward.  The 
arms  are  parallel  and  vertical.  The  bells  are  parallel  and  horizontal,  palms  inward*. 

Arms  down,  lowered  forward  — Place! 

The  arms  are  lowered  through  the  forward  position  downward. 

Arms  in  position  upward,  raised  outward  — Place! 

The  arms  are  raised  through  the  outward  position  into  the  upward  position. 

Arms  down,  lowered  outward — Place! 

4.  Arms  in  position  side-rig-ht  — Place! 

The  right  arm  is  fully  extended  sideways, 
the  left  arm  is  bent  in  the  elbow.  The  left 
elbow  is  directly  opposite  the  left  shoulder. 
Both  hands  and  left  elbow  are  on  a level  with 
the  shoulders.  The  bells  are  parallel  and 
horizonrtal,  palms  toward  each  other.*  (Fig.  21.) 

Arms  in  position  forward  — Place! 
Arms  in  position  side-left  — Place  ! 

Opposite  of  position  4. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

Arms  down  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest!  (Fig-.  22.) 

Same  as  resting  position  with  the  poles,  (see 
page  23.) 

In  position  — Stand! 

* Note: — In  all  the  straight  arm  positions,  other 
positions  of  the  bell  may  be  taken  (Fig.  19.)  Give  in 
your  commands  the  exact  position  of  the  bells. 

Fig.  22. — Resting  Position. 


Fig.  21 — Arms  in  position  side-right. 


DUMB-BELLS. 


43- 


LESSON  4. 

ARM  EXERCISE. 

Note.  -The  command  “Begin!”  is  given  after  each  explanatory  command. 

F undamental  position. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

1.  Thrust  arms  downward,  twice,  in  4 counts  — Begin! 

One:  Arms  in  position  downward.  Two:  Hands  on  hips.  Three:  Same  as- 
one.  Four:  Same  as  two. 

Note. — The  four  movements  are  repeated  until  the  command  “stop!”  is  given. 

2.  Thrust  arms  forward  (palms  downward)  twice  — in  4 counts. 

3.  Thrust  arms  outward  (palms  downward)  twice  — in  4 counts. 

4.  Thrust  arms  upward  (palms  forward)  twice  — in  4 counts. 

5.  Exercises  1,  2,  3 and  4,  (each  once)  — in  16  counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

TRUNK  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Hands  over  shoulders  (1  count)  — hands  under  shoulders  (1  count) 

— hands  over  shoulders  (1  count)  — and  arms  down  (1  count)  — 
in  4 counts — Begin! 

2.  Hands  on  hips  (1  count)  — bend  trunk  side-right  (1  count)  — raise 

trunk  (1  count)  — and  arms  down  (1  count)  — in  4 counts. 

For  bending  trunk  movement  see  page  24 

3.  Exercises  1,  and  2 in  8 counts. 

4.  Exercise  2 to  the  left,  in  4 counts. 

5.  Exercises  1,  and  4 in  8 counts. 

6.  Exercises  3,  and  5 in  1 6 counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

ARM  AND  FOOT  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Arms  in  position  outward  (1  count)  — hands  over  shoulders 

(1  count)  — raise  heels  (2  counts)  — arms  in  position  outward 
(1  count)  — arms  down  (1  count)  — raise  heels  (2  count*)  — in  8 
counts  — Begin! 

Note: — For  raising  heel  movement,  see  page  26. 

2.  Arms  in  position  outward  and  raise  heels  (1  count)  — hands  over 

shoulders  (1  count)  — arms  in  position  upward  (1  count)  — hands 
over  shoulders  (1  count)  — arms  in  position  upward  (1  count)  — 
hands  over  shoulders  (1  count)  — arms  in  position  outward  (1 
count)  — arms  down  and  lower  heels  (1  count)  — in  8 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1,  and  2 — in  16  counts. 

Note.  — Which  ever  position  of  the  bells  you  should  choose  for  the  different  arm 
positions,  be  sure  to  have  uniformity. 


44 


"LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  5. 

KNEE,  FOOT,  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

Fundamental  position. 

1.  Arms  in  position  outward  (1  count)  — bend  knees  (2  counts)  (see 

Fig'.  9.)  — and  arms  down  (1  count)  — in  4 counts  — Begin! 

Note:  For  bending,  knee  movement,  see  page  28. 

2.  Hands  over  head  (arms  raised  forward)  (1  count)  — raise  heels  (2 

counts)  — and  arms  down  (lowered  forward)  (1  count)  — in  4 
counts. 

-3.  Fxercises  1,  and  2 — in  8 counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 


HEAD,  ARM,  AND  FOOT  EXERCISE. 
In  position  — Stand! 


1.  Left  hand  over  shoulder,  right  arm  in 

position  side-right  (1  count)  — turn 
head  side-right  (2  counts)  — and  arms 
down  (1  count)  — in  4 counts  — Begin! 

2.  Right  hand  over  shoulder,  left  arm  in 

position  side-left  (Fig.  23)  (1  count)  — 
turn  head  side-left  (2  counts)  — and 
arms  down  (1  count) — in  4 counts. 

3.  Fxercises  1,  and  2 in  8 counts. 


Fig.  23. — Right  hand  over  shoulder  — left  arm  in  position  side-left. 


4.  Arms  in  position  forward  (1  count)  — hands  over  head  (1  count)  — 

sound  heels,  twice,  (2  counts)  — arms  in  position  forward  (1 
count)  — arms  down  (1  count)  — and  sound  heels  twice,  (2  counts) 
— in  '8  counts. 

Sounding  Heels:  See  page  26  and  35. 

5.  Fxercises  3,  and  4 in  16  counts. 


DUMB-BELLS. 


45 


LESSON  6. 

THE  VERTICAL  POSITIONS  OF  THE  ARMS. 

(See  also  page  25.) 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

1.  Arms  in  vertical  position,  right  arm  upward,  (left  arm  downward) 

— Place! 

Hands  over  shoulders  — Place! 

2.  Arms  in  vertical  position,  left  arm  upward,  (right  arm  downward) 

— Place! 

Arms  in  position  outward  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 

Noth. — For  positions  ol  bells,  see  page  39. 

FACINGS. 

Quarter,  Eighth  and  Half  Turns  to  the  Right  and  Left. 

Note.— All  turns,  whether  to  the  right  or  left,  are  performed  in  the  following  manner. 

At  the  command  “face  ! ” the  weight  of  the  body  is  thrown  upon  the  left  heel, 
both  toes  are  slightly  raised,  and  the  turn  is  executed  by  turning  on  the  left  heel. 
After  the  turn,  the  toes  are  lowered  and  the  weight  of  tne  body  rests  equally  on 
both  feet. 

In  position  — Stand! 

Right  — Pace! 

A quarter  turn  to  the  right  When  the  class  is  facing  to  the  right  or  left,  or 
obliquely  to  the  right  or  left  (eighth  turn)  from  the  instructor,  the  command: 

Front  — Face! 

May  be  given.  The  pupils  face  the  instructor. 

Peft  — Face! 

A quarter  turn  to  the  left. 

Front  — Face! 

Half-right  — Face! 

An  eighth  turn  to  the  right. 

Front  — Face! 

Half-left  — Face! 

An  eighth  turn  to  the  left. 

Front  — Face! 

Right  about  — Face! 

A half  turn  to  the  right. 

L,eft  about  — Face! 

A half  turn  to  the  left. 

j In  place  — Rest! 

ARM  AND  FOOT  EXERCISE  WITH  FACING. 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Hands  on  hips  — right  face  — sound  heels  : — arms  in  position  down- 

ward— arms  in  position  forward — hands  over  shoulders  — arms 
in  position  outward  — and  arms  down  — in  8 counts  — four 
times  (32  counts)  — Begin! 

2.  The  same  except  left  face. 

Note.  — For  sounding  heels,  see  page  35. 


46 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  7. 

THE  SLANTING  POSITIONS  OF  THE  ARMS. 

In  the  slanting  positions  both  arms  have  the  same  position  and  the  same  slant,  and  the  arms  are  | 
parallel  to  each  other.  The  positions  are  given  here  in  one  lesson,  but  it  is  not  necessary  ! 
to  teach  them  all  at  one  time. 

1.  Arms  in  slant  position  forward-upward  — Place! 

The  arms  are  placed  midway  between  the  positions  upward  and  forward.  The 
arms  are  parallel  and  slant  upward. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

2.  Arms  in  slant  position  forward-downward  — Place! 

The  arms  are  placed  midway  between  the  positions  forward  and 
downward. 

Arms  down  — Place! 

3.  Arms  in  slant  position  backward  — Place! 

1 he  arms  are  moved  backward  into  a position  midway  between  . 
downward  and  horizontally  backward. 

Hands  over  shoulders  — Place!  ; 

4.  Arms  in  slant  position  side-right,  upward 
— Place! 

The  right  arm,  fully  extended  is  placed  midway  between  horizontal  side-right  and  upward,  the 
palm  turned  downward.  The  left  arm  is  bent  at  the  elbow,  the  elbow  placed  opposite  the 
left  shoulder,  and  the  left  forearm  on  the  same  slant  with  the  right  arm.  The  left  forearm 
and  the  extended  right  arm  are  parallel. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

5.  Arms  in  slant  position  side-right,  downward  — Place! 

The  arms  as  described  under  position  4,  are  placed  in  a position  midway  j 
between  horizontal  side-right  and  downward.  | 

i 

Hands  over  head — Place! 

6.  Arms  in  slant  position  side-left,  upward  — Place! 

The  opposite  of  side-right  upward,  the  left  arm  being  extended  and  the  right 
arm  bent. 

Hands  at  sides  — Place! 

7.  Arms  in  slant  position  side-left,  downward  — Place! 

The  opposite  of  side-right  downward,  the  left  arm  is  extended  and  the  right 
arm  bent. 

Hands  over  shoulders  — Place! 

Arms  down  — Place! 

Note. — The  slanting  positions  may  be  taken  from  any  of  the  other  positions  as  illustrated  in  this 
lesson.  As  soon  as  your  pupils  are  familiar  with  these  positions,  give  exercises  in  which 
the  arms  are  thrust,  or  raised  into  the  different  slanting  positions.  Position  D,  of  the  bells 
(page  39)  looks  best  in  the  slanting  positions.  4 


Slanting  Positions. 


DUMB-BELLS 


1.  Hands  on  hips  — arms  in  position  outward  — bend  trunk  side  right 
(2  counts)  — bend  trunk  side-left  (2  counts)  — hands  on 
ps  — and  arms  down  — in  8 counts 
— Begin! 

Arms  in  position  outward  — hands  over 
head  — bend  knees  twice  (4  counts)  — 
arms  in  position  outward  — and  arms 
down  — in  8 counts. 

Exercises  1 and  2 in  16  counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

Note.— For  bending  knee  movement  see  page  28. 

ARM  EXERCISE. 

Striking  Bells  (Horizontally.) 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Arms  in  position  forward  (palms  downward)  — in  position 

outward  (palms  downward)  — in  position  forward,  striking 
bells  — in  position  outward  — in  position  upward,  (palms 
forward)  striking  bells  — in  position  outward  (palms  downward) 
— in  position  forward,  striking  bells  — and  arms  down  — in  8 
counts  — Begin! 

The  bells  should  strike  softly. 

2.  Hands  on  hips  — under  shoulders  — over  shoulders  — over  head  — 

and  reverse  order  — in  8 counts. 

The  phrase  “reverse  order,”  means  to  reverse  the  movements  expressed  in  the 
command  and  the  order  of  the  movements.  In  this  case  the  reverse  order  would  be: 

Hands  over  shoulders  — under  shoulders  — on  hips  — and  arms 
down. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2,  in  16  counts. 


48 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  9. 

THE  OBLIQUE  POSITIONS  OF  THE  ARMS. 

In  the  oblique  positions,  the  arms  slant  outward  from  the  body;  each  arm  has  a different  slant, 
and  each  arm  is  either  midway  between : a)  a vertical  and  a horizontal  position;  b ) two* 

horizontal  positions;  or  c ) two  oblique  positions,  (see  also  page  29.) 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

1.  Arms  in  oblique  position  downward  — Place! 

The  right  arm  is  placed  midway  between  vertical  downward  and 
^ horizontal  side-right;  the  left  arm  is  placed  midway  between  vertical  down- 

/ \ ward  and  horizontal  side-left.  The  movements  of  the  arms  are  simultaneous. 


Oblique  downward. 


2. 


Hands  over  shoulders  — Place! 

Arms  in  oblique  position  upward  — Place! 


Oblique  upward. 


'Ihe  right  arm  is  placed  midway  between  vertical  upward  *andl 
horizontal  side-right;  the  left  arm  is  placed  midway  between  vertical, 
upward  and  horizontal  side-left.  (Fig.  25.  page  49.) 

Hands  on  hips — Place! 

3.  Arms  in  oblique  position  forward  — Place! 

The  right  arm  is  placed  midway  between  horizontal  forward  and  horizontal! 
side-right,  the  left  arm  is  placed  in  the  same  position  on  the  left  side. 

Hands  over  head  — Place! 

Arms  in  oblique  position  upward  — Place! 

4.  Arms  in  oblique  position  forward-upward  — Place! 

Without  changing  the  angle  o(  the  arms,  or  the  position  of  hands,  the  arms  are 
moved  downward  to  a point  midway  between  oblique  position  upward  and  oblique 
position  forward. 

Arms  in  oblique  position  forward  — Place! 

5.  Arms  in  oblique  position  forward-downward  — Place! 

Without  changing  the  angle  of  the  arms,  or  the  position  of  the  hands,  the  arms, 
are  moved  downward  to  a point  midway  between  oblique  position  forward  and 
oblique  position  downward. 

Arms  in  oblique  position  downward  — Place! 

6.  Arms  in  oblique  position  backward  — Place! 

Without  changing  the  angle  of  the  arms,  or  the  position  of  the  hands,  the  arms; 
are  moved  backward  to  a point  midway  between  vertical  downward  and  horizontal 
backward. 

The  order  of  the  six  oblique  positions,  beginning-  with  the  upward,  is. 
as  follows: 

1.  Oblique  position  upward  — opposite  vertical  upward. 

2.  Oblique  position  forward-upward  — opposite  slant  forward-upward. 

3.  Oblique  position  forward  — opposite  horizontal  forward. 

4.  Oblique  position  forward-downward  — opposite  slant  forward-downwaro. 

5.  Oblique  position  downward  — opposite  vertical  downward. 

6.  Oblique  position  backward  — opposite  slant  backward. 

Note  — For  positions  of  the  bells,  see  page  39. 


DUMB-BELLS. 


49 


LESSON  10. 

THE  DIRECT- ST EPPOSITIONS. 

Direct-steppositions,  page  25.  Oblique  positions  of  the  arms,  page  48.  Positions 
of  the  bells,  page  39. 

Foot  and  Arm  Exercise. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

Stepposition  side-rig-ht  and  thrust  arms  into 
oblique  position  upward  — in  2 counts  — 
Begin!  (Fig-.  25.) 

One:  The  right  foot  is  placed  in  stepposition  side- 

right,  and  the  arms  in  oblique  position  upward.  Two: 
The  heels  are  closed  and  the  hands  placed  on  the  hips. 

Stepposition  side-left  and  thrust  arms  into 
oblique  position  downward  — in 2 counts. 

Exercises  1 and  2 — in  4 counts. 

Arms  in  position  outward  and  raise  heels 
(1  count)  — arms  in  position  upward  and 
lower  heels  (1  count)  — arms  in  position  out- 
ward and  raise  heels  (1  count) — arms  down 
and  lower  heels  (1  count)  — in  4 counts. 
Exercises  3 and  4 in  8 counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

STEPPING. 

Forward,  Backward,  and  Sideways. 

Note. — In  stepping,  with  the  exception  of  sideways  to  the  right,  the  left  foot  is  invariably  advanced. 
In  tactic  exercises,  the  command  of  execution  is:  “march;”  that  of  stopping:  “halt!” 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  One  step  forward  (2  counts)  — March! 

One:  The  left  foot  is  advanced  forward  and  placed  upon  the  floor.  Two:  The 

right  foot  is  brought  forward  and  placed  beside  the  left. 

2.  Two  steps  forward  (3  counts)  — March! 

One:  The  left  foot  is  advanced.  Two:  The  right  foot  is  advanced  and  placed 
in  front  of  the  left  Three:  The  left  foot  is  brought  forward  and  placed  beside  the 
right 

3.  One  step  backward  (2  counts)  — March! 

One:  The  left  foot  is  moved  backward.  Two:  The  right  foot  is  moved  back- 
ward and  placed  beside  the  left. 

4.  Two  steps  backward  (3  counts)  — March! 

One:  The  left  foot  is  moved  backward.  Two:  The  right  foot  is  moved  backward 
and  placed  behind  the  left.  Three:  The  left  foot  is  moved  backward  and  placed 

beside  the  right. 

5.  One  step  side-left  (2  counts)  — March! 

One:  The  left  foot  is  moved  sideways  to  the  left  and  placed  upon  the  floor. 
Two:  The  right  foot  is  moved  sideways  to  the  left  and  placed  beside  the  left  foot. 

6.  Two  steps  side-left  (4  counts)  — March! 

Same  as  two  single  side-steps. 

7.  One  step  side-rig-ht  (2  counts)  — March! 

One:  The  right  foot  is  moved  sideways  to  the  right  and  placed  upon  the  floor. 

Two:  The  left  foot  is  moved  sideways  to  the  right,  and  placed  beside  the  right  foot. 

8.  Two  steps  side-right  (4  counts)  — March! 

Same  as  two  single  side  steps. 


Fig.  25.  Right  foot  in  steppo- 
sition side-right,  arms  in 
oblique  position  upward. 


5° 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  II. 

THE  OBLiyUE-STEPPOSITIONS. 

Note. — For  oblique-stepposition  and  bending  knees,  see  page  28. 

Foot,  Knee  and  Arm  Exercise. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

1.  Oblique-stepposition  forward  right  and  left  (4  counts)  — arms  in 

position  outward  (1  count)  — bend  knees  and  hands  over  head 
(1  count)  — straighten  knees  and  arms  in  position  outward 
(1  count)  — and  hands  on  hips  (1  count)  — in  8 counts — Begin! 

2.  The  same,  except  oblique  stepposition  backward  — in  8 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2,  in  16  counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

In  position  — Stand! 

A Marching  Exercise  in  the  Class-Room. 

Note. — For  marking  time,  see  page  17;  Marching,  page  21;  Facing,  page  45. 

Girls.  Boys.  Boys.  Girls. 


Row  1 . Row  2,  Row  3.  Row  4. 

Supposing  your  class  to  be  arranged  according  to  the  above  diagram,  the  following  drill  will  serve 
to  show  how  the  class  may  be  handled  in  the  school-room.  When  you  have  arranged  the 
class,  give  the  following  commands: 

During  the  march  the  bells  may  also  be* placed  on  hips  or  in  other  positions. 

1.  Row  1,  right-about  — Pace! 

2.  Class,  mark  time  — March! 

3.  Row  4,  forward  — March! 

All  in  row  4 begin  the  forward  march  with  the  left  foot.  They  march  across 
the  room  in  front  ot  rows  2 and  3 and  join  row  1. 

4.  Row  1,  forward  (around  the  room  in  a square)  — March! 

5.  Row  3,  forward  — March! 

Row  3 marches  behind  row  4. 

6.  Row  2,  forward  — March! 

Row  2 marches  behind  row  3. 

The  class  is  now  arranged  in  one  flank  rank,  and  marches  around  the  room  (in  a 
square)  several  times.  During  the  march  give  the  following  commands. 

7.  Mark  time  — March! 

AH  stop  marching  forward  and  mark  the  time. 

8.  Class  — Halt!  (see  page  17.) 

9.  Mark  time  — March! 

10.  Forward  — March! 

11.  Class  — Halt! 

The  command  “halt!”  is  given  the  instant  the  left  foot  is  placed  on  the  floor;  the 
right  foot  is  then  brought  forward  and  placed  beside  the  left  and  the  heels  closed. 

12.  Forward  — March! 

All  start  off  promptly  with  the  left  foot.  When  you  wish  to  close  the  exercise, 
give  the  following  commands: 

13.  The  leaders  (of  each  row)  march  down  your  own  aisles! 

Wheh  the  leaders  arrive  at  the  places  from  which  they  started,  all  m the  row  mark  time. 

14.  Class  — Halt! 

Give  the  command  “halt! ” when  all  rows  have  arranged  in  their  aisles. 

15.  Row  1,  right-about  — Face! 

Ihe  class  is  now  arranged  as  in  the  diagram. 


DUMBBELLS. 


5 1 


LESSON  12. 

A BREATHING  EXERCISE. 

Note. — A breathing  exercise  (if  possible,  out-of-doors')  should  be  given  the  children  daily.  Great 
care  should  be  taken  that  the  children  breathe  properly.  The  most  important  thing  in  the 
act  of  breathing  is  the  proper  use  of  the  diaphragm,  a large,  thick  muscle,  which  separates 
the  chest  from  the  abdomen.  It  has  the  form  of  an  arch,  and  its  convex-  projects  into  the 
chest  The  act  of  breathing  begins  with  the  contraction  of  this  muscle.  As  the  lungs  fill 
with  air,  the  chest  expands,  the  chest  muscles  assisting,  by  pushing  the  ribs  outward.  The 
air  is  expelled  from  the  lungs  by  the  relaxation  of  the  diaphragm  and  the  chest  muscles. 
Breathing  is,  to  a great  extent,  an  involuntary  act,  and  is  generally  carried  on  without  any 
exertion  on  our  part. 

The  powers  of  the  breathing  muscles,  however,  can  be  greatly  augmented;  by  our  will  we  excite 
them  to  their  utmost  capacity.  This  should  be  done  in  gymnastics.  It  does  not  lie  within 
the  scope  of  this  work  to  give  any  instructions  in  anatomy,  or  physiology.  Teachers  should 
be  sufficiently  acquainted  with  these  sciences  to  apply  their  general  laws  to  gymnastics. 

Fundamental  position. 

1.  Inhale  (through  the  nostrils)  and  raise  arms  into  position  outward, 

slowly,  throug-h  8 counts  — and  exhale  (throug-h  the  nostrils)  and 
lower  arms,  slowly,  throug-h  8 counts  — together  in  16  counts 
— Beg-in! 

2.  Inhale  (throug-h  the  nostrils)  and  raise  arms  into  position  outwards 

slowly,  through  8 counts  — hold  the  breath,  and  the  outward 
position  of  the  arms  throug-h  8 counts  — and  exhale  (throug-h  the 
nostrils)  and  lower  the  arms,  slowly,  throug-h  8 counts  — all  in 
24  counts — Beg-in! 

In  place  — Rest! 

TRUNK,  FOOT  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

Turning  Trunk, 

In  position  — Stand! 

Turn  trunk  side-right  — in  2 counts  — Beg-in! 

One:  The  trunk  and  head  are  turned  quarter- ways 
around  to  the  right  The  feet  are  not  moved,  and  the  knees 
remain  straight  and  rigid.  Two:  The  trunk  and  head  are 
turned  into  the  front  position. 

Stepposition  side-right  — in  2 counts  — Begin! 

Next,  combine  exercises  i and  2,  successively,  in  4 counts; 
then  simultaneously,  in  2 counts. 

One:  The  trunk  is  turned  into  position  side-right, 

and  the  right  foot  is  placed  in  stepposition  side-right.  The 
left  foot  remains  firmly  on  the  floor.  Two:  The  trunk 
is  turned  to  the  front  and  the  heels  closed. 

Raise  arms  forward,  in  2 counts. 

Before  attempting  to  combine  exercise  1,  2 and  3 
simultaneously,  drill  on  the  following  combin- 
ations. 

a)  The  trunk  and  arm  movements  in  4 counts. 

b)  The  trunk  and  arm  movements  in  2 counts. 

The  arms  are  raised  forward  to  the  side  as  shown  in 
Fig.  26. 

c ) The  foot  and  arm  movements  in  4 counts. 

d)  The  foot  and  arm  movements,  in  2 counts. 

e)  The  trunk,  foot  and  arm  movements  successively,  in  6 counts. 

4.  Fxercises  1,  2 and  3 simultaneously,  in  2 counts.  Fig.  26. 


Fig.  26.  Trunk  turned  in 
position  side-right,  right 
foot  in  stepposition 
side-right,  and  arms  in 
position  forward,  to  the 
right. 


52 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS 


LESSON  13. 

THE  DIAGONAL  POSITIONS  OF  THE  ARMS. 

In  the  diagonal  positions  of  the  arms,  both  arms  are  fully  extended,  forming  a straight  line 
drawn  diagonally  sideways,  or  forward  and  backward  through  the  shoulders. 

Arms  in  position  outward  — Place! 

1.  Arms  in  diagonal  position  outward,  right  arm  upward  — Place! 

The  right  arm  is  placed  midway  between  outward  and  upward,  the 
left  arm  is  placed  midway  between  outward  and  downward. 

Arms  in  position  outward  — Place! 

Both  arms  are  placed  horizontally  outward. 

2.  Arms  in  diagonal  position  outward,  left  arm  up- 
ward — Place! 

The  opposite  of  the  fir^t  position. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

3.  Arms  in  diagonal  position  forward,  right  arm 
upward  — Place! 

The  right  arm  is  placed  in  slant  position  forward- upward,  the  left  arm  in 
slant  position  backward. 

Note. — When  changing  from  one  position  to  another  ol  the  same  order, 
the  command  may  be  abbreviated. 

4.  Arms  in  opposite  position  — Place! 

The  right  arm  is  swung  downward  through  the  downward  position  and 
placed  in  slant  position  backward.  The  left  arm  is  swung  forward 
Diagonal  position,  left  and  placed  in  slant  position  forward-upward.  The  movements  of  both 

arm  upward.  arms  are  simultaneous. 

Arms  down  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 

Note.— Invent  new  order  of  changes,  using  all  the  simple  and  complex  positions.  Also  give  arm 
exercises  in  which  thrusting,  moving  or  raising  the  arms  into  the  diagonal  positions 
occur. 

TRUNK  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

Rocking  Trunk,  Striking  Bells. 

Moving  the  head,  trunk,  hands,  or  shoulders,  from  one  position  into  the  opposite,  without  stopping 
in  the  upright,  or  natural  position,  is  called  rocking. 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Hands  on  hips  — arms  in  position  outward  (palms  downward)  — 

bend  trunk  into  position  side-right  and  hands  over  head,  bells 
parallel  (1  count)  — rock  trunk  left  and  right  (2  counts)  — trunk 
in  upright  pos.  and  arms  in  position  outward  (palms  downward) 
(1  count)  — hands  on  hips  — and  arms  down  — in  8 counts  — Begin ! 

2.  Arms  in  position  outward  (palms  downward)  — arms  in  position 

forward,  bells  in  oblique-position  side-left,  (Fig.  19,  pos.  C.)  — 
striking  bells  (upper  right,  and  lower  left  bell)  (1  count)  — strike 
bells  in  opposite  position  of  bells  (1  count)  — arms  in  position 
outward  (palms  downward)  — arms  is  position  upward  (palms 
forward)  striking  bells  (1  count)  — hands  over  shoulders  — hands 
on  hips  — and  arms  down  — in  8 counts. 

3.  Fxercises  1 and  2,  in  16  counts. 


Diagonal  position,  rij 
arm  upward. 


DUMB-BELLS 


53 


LESSON  14. 

The  Right- Angular  Positions  of  the  arms. 

Note. — It  is  not  necessary  to  teach  all  of  these  positions  at  one  time.  If 
your  class  can  take  all  of  them,  in  any  connection  whatever,  at  the 
end  of  the  school  year,  you  have  carried  out  the  plan  of  this  manual. 
The  complex  positions  are  given  here  and  elsewhere  together,  in  order 
that  you  may  have  a better  oversight.  Arrange  the  positions  of  the 
bells  carefully.  See  Fig.  19. 

Angular  Positions.  Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

1.  Arms  in  angular  position  forward,  right  arm  downward  — Place! 

The  right  arm  is  placed  in  position  downward;  the  left  arm  is  placed  in  position 
forward.  Both  arms  move  simultaneously. 

Note. — It  is  necessary  to  give  oily  tbe  pontim  of  one  arm  in  the  commind.  Whe  1 your 
pupils  are  first  learning  these  positions  you  may  include  in  the  command  the  position  of  the 
other  arm  also.  To  mike  the  position  quite  clear  give  the  position  of  each  arm  separately. 
For  example, 

1.  Right  arm  in  position  downward  — Place! 

2.  Left  arm  in  position  forward  — Place! 

2.  Arms  in  angular  position  forward,  left  arm  downward  — Place! 

The  opposite  of  position  1.  Left  arm  in  position  downward.  Right  arm  in 
position  forward. 

Note.  — When  two  positions  of  the  same  kind  immediately  follow  each  other, 
the  command  may  be  shortened,  or  abbreviated.  In  this  instance  the  following 
command  may  be  used: 

Arms  in  opposite  position  — Place! 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

3.  Arms  in  angular  position  forward,  right  arm  upward  — Place! 

Right  arm  in  position  upward.  Left  arm  in  position  forward. 

Hands  over  shoulders  — Place! 

4.  Arms  in  opposite  position  — Place! 

Left  arm  in  position  upward. 

Right  arm  in  position  forward  . 

Hands  on  hips  — Place  ! 

5.  Arms  in  angular  position  outward,  right  arm  downward  — Place! 

Right  arm  in  position  downward. 

Left  arm  in  position  outward. 

Hands  over  head  — Place! 

6.  Arms  in  opposite  position  — Place! 

Left  arm  in  position  downward. 

Right  arm  in  position  outward. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

7.  Arms  in  angular  position  outward,  right  arm  upward  — Place! 

Right  arm  in  position  upward. 

Left  arm  in  position  outward. 

Hands  over  shoulders  — Place! 

S.  Arms  in  opposite  position  — Place! 

Left  arm  in  position  upward. 

Right  arm  in  position  outward. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

9.  Arms  in  angular  position  outward,  right  arm  forward  — Place! 

Right  arm  in  position  forward. 

Left  arm  in  position  outward. 

Hands  over  head  — Place! 

10.  Arms  in  opposite  position  — Place! 

Left  arm  in  position  forward. 

Right  arm  in  position  outward. 

Arms  down  — Place! 

Note. — The  angular  positions  may  be  taken  from  any  other  position  of  the  arms. 


54 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  15. 

ARM  EXERCISES. 

I.  Turning  Arms. 

Arms  in  position  forward,  palms  downward  — Place! 

1.  Turn  arms  outward,  in  2 counts  — Begin! 

One:  The  arms,  remaining  in  the  parallel-horizontal  position,  are  turned 

(twisted)  outward  until  the  palms  are  turned  upward.  Two:  The  arms  are  turned 
^ back  into  the  starting  position. 

Arms  in  position  outward,  palms  downward  — Place! 

2.  Turn  arms  backward,  in  2 counts. 

Same  movement  as  exercise  i. 

Arms  in  position  upward,  palms  forward  — Place! 

3.  Turn  arms  inward,  in  2 counts. 

Same  movement  as  exercises  i and  2. 

Arms  down,  lowered  forward  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 

II.  Rolling  Arms. 

In  position — Stand! 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

Grasping  the  bells,  arms  in  position  outward  (palms  downward) 
— Place! 

When  the  explanatory  command  has  been  given, each 
hand  grasps  one  of  the  bells,  so  that  the  bells  may  be 
placed  in  the  proper  position  at  the  command  of 
execution. 

Roll  arms  in  circle  forward  continually, 
8 times  — Begin! 

Small  perpendicular  circles  are  described  with  the 
bells  as  shown  in  the  cut  (Fig.  27.) 

After  the  command  “stop,”  the  arms  are  placed  in 
the  outward  position. 

Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

While  the  hands  are  moving  towards  the  hips  the 
hands  grasp  the  handles  of  the  bells. 

Pig.  27.  Rolling  arms  in  position  outward. 

Arms  down  — Place! 

BALANCE-STEPPOSITIONS. 

In  the  balance-steppositions,  the  stepping  foot  does  not  touch  the  floor;  the  body  balances  on  the 
standing  limb.  After  you  have  drilled  your  class  in  these  steppositions,  use  them  in  con- 
nection with  arm,  trunk  and  toot  movements. 


DUMB-BELLS. 


5S 


LESSON  16. 

THE  CROSS-STEPPOSITION  S. 

Note. — For  cross-stepposition  see  page  30.  For  oblique  position  of  the  arms,  p?ge  48. 

Foot  and  Arm  Exercise. 

1.  Hands  on  hips  — sound  heels  — cross-stepposition  forward  right. 

(2  counts)  — cross-stepposition  forward  left  (2  counts)  — sound 
heels  — and  arms  down  — in  8 counts  — Begin! 

2.  Hands  on  hips  — hands  over  shoulders  — oblique  position  upward 

and  raise  heels  (1  count)  — hands  on  hips  and  lower  heels  (1  count) 
— hands  over  shoulders  — oblique  position  downward  — hands 
on  hips  and  raise  heels  (1  count)  — arms  down  and  lower  heels. 
(1  count)  — in  8 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2,  in  16  counts. 

4.  Same  as  exercise  1,  except  cross-stepposition  backward  right  and 

left. 

5.  Exercises  4 and  2,  in  1 6 counts. 

6.  Exercises  3 and  5,  in  32  counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

The  Direct  Longe  Sideways. 

Note — For  the  direct  longes,  seepage  31. 

Hands  on  hips  (1  count)  pause  (1  count)- 
longe  side-right  and  thrust  arms  into 
diagonal  position  outward,  right  arm 
upward  (1  count)  (Fig.  28)  — pause 
(1  count)  — recover  and  hands  on  hips 
(1  count)  — pause  (1  count)  — arms  down 
— pause  (1  count)  — in  8 counts  — Begin! 
The  same  except  longe  side-left  and 
opposite  arm  position  — in  8 counts. 
Exercises  1 and  2,  in  16  counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

TRUNK  EXERCISE. 

Bowing  Trunk. 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Bow  trunk  side-right  — in  2 counts  — Begin! 

One:  The  trunk  is  turned  to  the  right,  and  bent  forward,  simultaneously.  Two:  The 

trunk  is  raised  into  the  upright  front  position.  The  movement  is  slow. 

2.  Bow  trunk  side-left,  in  2 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2,  in  4 counts.  Arms  down  — Place! 

Note. — Bowing  trunk  is  a combination  of  turning  trunk  and  bending  trunk  forward.  Give  each 
of  these  exercises  alone  first,  then  both  successively  and  lastly  simultaneously,  the  latter 
being  identical  with  bowing  trunk.  The  movement  of  bowing  the  head  is  similar  to  that  of. 
bowing  the  trunk. 


In  position  — Stand! 


Fig.  28.  Longe  position  side-right, 
arms  in  diagonal  position  outward, 
right  arm  upward. 


Hands  on  hips  — Place! 


■56 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  17. 

THE  DIRECT  LONGE-REVERSE. 

!Note. — For  longe-reverse  movement,  see  page  32.  Slanting  positions  of  the  arms,  page  46. 

Leg  and  Arm  Exercise. 

1.  Hands  on  hips  — longe-reverse  forward 
right,  right  arm  in  slant  position  forward- 
upward,  left  hand  over  shoulder  (1  count) 
(Fig.  29)  — recover  and  hands  on  hips 
(1  count)  — and  arms  down  — in  4 counts 
— Begin! 

2.  The  same,  except  longe-reverse  forward-left, 
and  opposite  positions  of  the  arms  — in  4 
counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2,  in  8 counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

Note  — Give  exercises  using  the  side  and 
back  longe-reverses,  also  different  positions  .of 
the  arms  and  with  bending  and  turning  trunk, 
etc.,  etc. 

ARM  EXERCISE. 

Swinging  Arms. 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Hands  at  sides  (page  41)  — arms  in  position  side-right  (bells  hori- 

zontal and  parallel)  — swing  arms  through  downward  position 
into  position  side-left  (half-circle)  (1  count)  — hands  at  sides  — 
arms  in  position  side  left  — swing  arms  through  upward  position 
into  position  side-right  (half  circle)  (1  count)  — hands  at  sides  — 
and  arms  down  — in  8 counts  — Begin! 

2.  Hands  at  sides  — arms  in  position  upward  (bells  vertical  and 

parallel)  swing  arms  through  forward  position  into  slant  position 
backward  {$i  circle)  (1  count)  swing  arms  through  forward  j 
position  into  position  upward  (1  count)  — swing  arms  into  slant 
position  backward  (1  count)  — swing  arms  into  position  upward 
(1  count)  — hands  at  sides  — and  arms  down  — in  8 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2,  in  16  counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

BREATHING  EXERCISE. 

(With  Free  Gymnastics.) 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  lAhale  through  the  nostrils,  taking  a full  breath,  and  raise  arms 

into  position  outward,  slowly,  8 counts  — and  exhale  compulsively 
through  the  mouth,  and  lower  arms  quickly,  in  1 count  — Begin’ 

2.  The  same,  except  raising  arms  outward  into  position  upward. 


Tig.  29.  Longe-reverse  forward- 
right,  right  arm  in  slant  pos. 
forward-upw.  left  hand  over 
shoulder. 


DUMB-BELLS. 


5 7- 


LESSON  18. 

TAKING  ARM  POSITIONS  WHILE  ON  A MARCH. 


Note. — Arrange  the  class  for  marching  in  flank  rank,  as  directed  on  page  50. 

Give  the  commands  for  taking  the  positions  as  if  the  class  were  on  a halt.  The’ 
object  in  view  is  to  give  to  the  feet  an  independent  movement  from  that  of  the  arms. 
This  exercise  gives  to  the  pupils  a firm  and  steady  step  and  a graceful  carriage  of 
the  body.  The  following  is  an  example  of  a drill  of  this  kind. 

Supposing  the  class  to  be  marching  in  a square  around  the  room,  the  following: 
or  similar  commands  are  given.  A pause  intervenes  between  two  commands. 

1.  Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

The  position  is  taken  at  the  next  step  after  the  command  “place”  has  beem 
given . 

2.  Arms  down  — Place! 

3.  Hands  over  shoulders  — Place! 

4.  Arms  in  slant  position  forward-upward  — Place! 

5.  Arms  in  slant  position  forward-downward  — Place! 

6.  Hands  over  head  — Place! 

7.  Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

8.  Arms  down  — Place!  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

9.  Mark  time  — March! 

10.  Attention  — Halt! 

11.  In  place  — Rest! 


MARCHING  WITH  FREE  GYMNASTICS. 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Take  eight  steps  forward  — striking  bells  in  slant  position  forward- 

downward  on  the  first  step  — Begin! 

On  the  first  of  each  eight  steps  (the  left  foot)  the  bells  are  struck  and  on  the 
second  step  placed  in  position  downward  During  the  remaining  six  steps  the  arms, 
remain  in  position  downward  The  counting  should  be  done  silently.  Repeat  the 
exercise  several  times. 

2.  Common  walk  — March! 

At  this  command  the  preceding  exercise  is  stopped  and  the  march  resumed. 

3.  Seven  steps  forward  (7  counts)  — halt  (1  count)  — and  halt  through 
* 8 counts  — in  16  counts  — Begin! 

On  the  eighth  count  the  heels  are  closed  and  the  class  comes  to  a halt.  Then 
the  class  halts  through  8 counts.  Repeat  several  times. 

4.  Common  walk  — March! 

5.  Seven  steps  forward  (7  counts)  — halt  (1  count)  — hands  on  hips 

and  arms  down,  twice  (4  counts)  — and  raise  heels,  twice  (4  counts) 
— in  16  co.unts  — Begin! 

On  the  first  seven  counts  seven  steps  are  taken.  On  the  eighth  count  the  heels 
are  closed  Then,  standing  still,  the  gymnastic  exercise  in  eight  counts,  is  taken. 
Repeat  several  times. 

6.  Common  walk  — March! 

7.  Arrange  the  rows  in  the  aisles,  (see  page  50.) 

Class  — Halt! 

Note. — Invent  new  orders  of  positions  and  new  exercises  to  combine  with  marching. 


58 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  19. 

LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

(Changing  from  one  Longe  Position  to  Another.) 

1.  Arms  in  slant  position  forward-upward  — 
long-e  backward-right,  and  hands  over 
shoulders  (1  count)  (Fig-.  30.)  — charge 
(page  33)  into  longe  position  forward 
right,  left  foot  fast,  and  thrust  arms  into 
slant  position  backward  (1  count)  (Fig.  30) 
— recover  to  fundamental  position  (1 
count)  — in  4 counts. 

2.  The  same,  except  left  leg  — in  4 counts. 

3.  Fxercises  1 and  2,  in  8 counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

i 
r 

Trunk,  Leg  and  Arm  Exercise. 

t 

position  backward,  (Oblique  longes,  page  32.  Oblique  longe-reverses,  page  33. 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Hands  over  head  — hands  on  hips  — oblique  longe-reverse  forward 

right,  turn  trunk  obliquely  right,  right  arm  in  oblique  position 
forward-upward,  left  hand  over  shoulder  (1  count)  — recover  to 
fundamental  position  (1  count)  — in  4 counts. 

2.  The  same  to  the  left  — in  4 counts. 

3.  Fxercises  1 and  2,  in  8 counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

Note. — Invent  similar  exercises  using  the  other  oblique  longe-reverses  and  the 
oblique  longes;  also,  other  complex  positions  of  the  arms. 

ARM  EXERCISE. 

(Striking  Bells.) 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Hands  on  hips  — arms  in  position  downward  — hands  grasping  the 
upper  bells  — position  forward — strike  foremost  bells  — position 
upward  — strike  upper  bells  — position  side-right  — strike  bells 
(foremost  left,  and  next  right) — position  upward  — strike  upper 
bells  — position  side-left  — strike  bells  (foremost  right  with  next 
left)  — * position  upward  — strike  upper  bells  — position  forward 
strike  formost  bells  — hands  on  hips,  grasping  handle  — 
and  arms  down  — in  16  counts  — Begin! 

Note.  -There  are  many  different  ways  of  striking  the  bells.  Most  of  these  will 
occur  to  you,  as  you  proceed  with  the  work. 


shoulders  into  longe  pos.  forv 
right,  left  foot  fast,  arms  in  slai 


DUMB-BELLS. 


59 


LESSON  20. 

GROUPING. 

Note. — For  all  changes  give  a tap  with  a pencil  or  muffled  bell. 

1.  JTorm  square,  facing-  inward — (Tap!) 

At  the  tap,  all  begin  to  walk  (moving  in  any  direction)  keeping  step  and  time, 
and  arrange  in  a square,  standing  in  the  fundamental  pasition  as  shown  in  the  diagram . 

3 


to 


I 

2.  Rows  1 and  3 long-e  into  position  forward  rig-ht,  rows  2 and  4 into 

position  backward  rig-ht,  all  arms  in  slant  position  forward  up- 
ward — (Tap!) 

3.  All  recover  to  fundamental  position  — (Tap!) 

4.  All  assume  your  orrig-inal  places — (Tap!) 

Note. — Also  arrange  the  class,  in  a similar  manner,  in  a circle  or  pyramid,  facing  outward  or 
inward,  standing  or  kneeling,  (Fig.  31)  giving  different  positions  of  the  arms  and  body. 

In  place  — Rest! 

Leg,  Trunk  and  Arm  Exercise. 

(Cross  longes  and  Cross longe-reverses,  page  34.) 

In  position  — Stand! 

Cross  long-e-reverse  forward  rig-ht  and  raise 
arms  outward  (2  counts)  — cross-long-e- 
reverse  forward  left  and  raise  arms  out- 
ward (2  counts)  — in  4 counts  — Begin! 
Tonge  side-right,  and  raise  arms  outward 
into  position  upward  (palms  front)  strik- 
ing bells  (2  counts)  — the  same  to  the  left 
(2  counts)  — in  4 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2,  in  8 counts. 

Facing  with  Leg,  Foot  and  Arm  Exercise. 

In  position  — Stand!  Hands  on  hips  — Place! 

1.  Right  face  (1  count)  — sound  heels  (1  count)  — longe-reverse  forward 

right  — and  left  (4  counts)  — thrust  arms  downward  (2  counts)  — 
in  8 counts,  four  times  (32  counts)  — Begin! 

2.  The  same,  except  left  face,  in  32  counts.  Arms  down  — Place! 


Fig.  31.  Kneeling  on  right 
knee,  hands  over  head. 


6o 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS 


LESSON  21. 

THE  FRONT  AND  SIDE  ARM  CIRCLES. 


Arm  circles  are  circles  more  or  less  perfect,  described  in  front,  or  at  the  sides  of  the  body,  hands 
grasping  the  bells,  or  the  handles.  The  bells  should  always  be  in  a line  with  the  arms.  The 
arms  remain  as  straight  as  is  possible,  and  the  movement  is  in  the  shoulder  joint.  During; 
the  movement,  the  body  should  remain  straight  and  still.  There  are  half  and  whole  circles 
with  one  or  both  arms . The  circles  may  be  described  from  any  of  the  parallel,  horizontal  or 
vertical  arm  positions. 

When  both  arms  are  swung  simultaneously  the  movement  is  called  “double  arm  circle.” 


Right  arm  in  position  upward,  raised 
forward  (1  count)  — pause  (1  count)- 
front  arm  circle  to  the  right  (1  count) 
pause  (1  count)  — front  arm  circle 
to  the  left  (1  count)  — pause  (1  count)- 
— arms  in  position  downward, 
lowered  forward  (1  count)  — pause  ' 

(1  count)  — in  8 counts — Begin! 

- 

The  same  with  the  left  arm. 

The  same,  both  arms  beginning  right.. 

The  same,  both  arms  inward  and  out- 
ward. 

In  place — Rest! 

Note. — For  further  information  see  book: 
first  “Free  gymnastics,”  pages  86  to  89. 


i 

Combine  arm  circles  with  other  arm  movements,  steppositions,  longes,  longe  1 
reverse,  etc.,  etc.  J 


THE  BALANCE  LONGE-RE VERSE. 


In  the  balance  longe-reverse  the  stepping  foot  does  not  touch  the  floor,  but  is  held  immediately  over 
it.  The  body  balances  on  the  standing  limb. 

Note. — Before  introducing  the  balance  longe-reverse  into  your  exercises,  drill 
on  the  following  separately: 

a.  Balance  direct  longe-reverse. 

b.  Balance  oblique  longe-reverse. 

c.  Balance  cross  longe-reverse. 


THE  RINGS. 


FOURTH  GRADE  AND  UPWARDS. 


THE  RINGS. 


The  Apparatus: 


Material : Hard  wood;  three  pieces  joired  ;[pclislr.ed . 

Size : About  six  inches  diameter,  outer  edge. 

Thickness:  One  inch  diameter. 

Cost'.  About  75  cents  a pair. 

Place  for  keeping  the  apparatus: 

Hooks  are  fastened  to  the  wall,  on  which 
one  or  two  rings  are  hung. 
The  hooks  should  be  placed  in 
easy  reach  of  the  pupils. 

Taking  and  Replacing  the 
Rings.*  If  the  drill  is  given 
in  a hall,  the  pupils  march  out 
of  the  class  room  in  one  flank 
rank.  Passing  the  rack  each 
pupil  takes  a ring  and  carries 
it  in  his  or  her  right  hand, 
hanging  vertically  at  the  side 
of  the  body.  In  replacing  the 
apparatus  each  pupil  in  passing 
hangs  his  or  her  ring  upon  the 
hook. 

Using  tlie  Rings:  Each 
pupil  has  one  ring  which  he 
(she)  holds  in  his  right  hand. 
The  pupils  exercise  in  pairs,  boys  and  girls  separately,  using  either  one, 
or  both  rings  alternately,  or  simultaneously. 


Fig.  34. — Ring  Rack. 


The  drill  should  be  given  at  least  twice  a week. 


Music  adds  to  the  exercise,  making  it  more  pleasing  and  attractive. 

However,  an  exercise  with  music  should  not  be  attempted  until  the 
class  has  been  thoroughly  diilled. 


RINGS. 


6$ 


LESSON  I. 

ARRANGEMENT  OF  THE  CLASS  FOR  THE  DRILL. 

(For  Rising,  Marking  time,  Marching  and  Halting,  see  page  17.) 

The  pupils  are  arranged  in  the  class-room  in  the  order  they  are  to  march 
into  the  hall.  They  pass  the  rack  in  flank  rank,  each  taking  a ring, 
carrying  it  in  his  right  hand,  the  ring  hanging  vertically  at  the  side  o 
the  body. 

The  arrangement  of  the  class  depends  upon  the  size  and  shape  of  the  room 
or  hall.  The  class  may  be  arranged  in  one,  two,  three,  four  or  more 
columns  of  pairs. 

Arrangement  of  the  Class  in  Three  Columns. 


If  space  is  lacking  and  the  shape  of  the  hall  permits,  four  columns  of  pairs 
may  be  arranged  in  a cross,  etc.,  etc. 

Arrangement  of  the  Class  in  a Cross. 

Boys. 


* Girls. 


I • I * I • I * I 
I • I • I • I ‘ I 


• I • I • I • I • I 


Girls. 


Boys. 

Dismissing  the  Class. 

After  the  exercise,  the  pupils  are  marched  in  flank  rank  into  the  class-room. 
Passing  the  rack  each  pupil  places  his  ring  upon  the  hook. 

(For  seating  the  class  see  page  21 .) 


64 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  2. 

POSITIONS  OF  THE  ARMS  IN  THE  FRONT  POSITION. 


Front  position. 


Fig.  35.  Front  Positio  n. 


The  pupils,  as  has  already  been  explained, 
are  arranged  in  pairs.  When  the  two  pupils  com- 
posing the  pair,  are  standing  in  the  fundamental 
position,  side  by  side,  toes  on  a line,  the  one  at  the 
right  grasping  with  her  left  hand  the  ring  of  the 
other,  the  pair  is  standing  in  the  Front  Position 
(Fig.  35.) 

The  ring  which  the  two  pupils  grasp  in 
common,  is  held  in  a vertical  position,  the  backs  of 
the  hands  are  turned  to  the  front. 

Position  of  the  arms. 

1.  Inner  arms  raised  into  position  for- 
ward — Place! 


The  pupil  at  the  right  raises  the  left  arm,  the  one  at  the  left  the  right  arm,  simul-  ; 
taneously,  into  the  horizontal  position  forward.  I he  arms  remain  straight  while  ‘ 
being  moved.  The  ring  is  held  in  a horizontal  position  on  a line  with  the  arms.  ] 
The  palms  are  turned  downward. 


Arms  down  — Place! 

The  arms  are  lowered  into  the  fundamental  position. 

2 a.  Inner  arms  raised  into  position  upward  — Place! 


The  inner  arms  are  raised  quickly  through  the  forward  position,  into  the  vertical 
position  upward.  The  movement  is  in  the  shoulder  joint ; the  arms  remain  straight 
'The  ring  is  held  in  a vertical  position,  palms  turned  forward. 

-Arms  down,  lowered  forward  — Place!  | 

The  arms  are  lowered  quickly  through  the  forward  position  into  the  fundamental  j 
position. 

2 b.  Inner  arms  straightened  into  position  upward  — Place! 

The  arms  are  bent  at  the  elbow  and,  passing  near  the  shoulders,  are  straightened  J 
into  the  upward  position. 

Arms  down,  lowered  downward  — Place! 

The  arms  are  bent  at  the  elbow  and,  passing  near  the  shoulders,  are  straightened 
into  the  fundamental  position. 

3.  Inner  arms  in  slant  position  backward  — Place! 

Midway  between  downward  and  backward. 

%t  Inner  arms  in  slant  position  forward-downward  — Place! 

Midway  between  downward  and  forward. 

5.  Inner  arms  in  slant  position  forward-upward  — Place! 

Midway  between  forward  and  upward. 

Arms  down,  lowered  forward  — Place! 

Note. — For  slant  positions  see  page  46, 


RINGS, 


LESSON  3. 

FRONT  POSITION. 

Position  of  the  Arms  (Continued.) 


65 


1.  Outer  arm£  in  position  outward  — Place! 

The  pupil  at  the  right  places  his  right  arm  in  position  outward,  ring  horizontal 
on  a line  with  the  arms,  palm  downward.  The  pupil  at  the  left  places  the  left  arm 
in  position  outward,  hand  open,  palm  downward. 

2.  Outer  hands  over  shoulders  — Place! 

The  arms  are  bent  at  the  elbow,  and  the  hands  placed  drooping  over  the  outer 
shoulders.  The  pupil  holding  the  ring,  lets  it  hang  over  the  shoulder. 

3.  Outer  hands  over  head  — Place! 

The  pupil  without  a ring  places  the  hand  over  the  head,  the  knuckles,  wrist  and 
elbow  forming  a curve.  The  pupil  holding  the  ring  places  the  arm  in  the  same 
position,  and  the  ring  horizontally  over  the  head. 

4.  Outer  arms  in  position  upward  — Place! 

The  arms  are  straightened  into  the  upward  position,  palms  forward.  The  ring 
is  held  in  a vertical  position. 

5.  Outer  arms  in  oblique  position  upward  — Place! 

Midway  between  upward  and  outward.  Palms  turned  forward. 

6.  Outer  arms  in  oblique  position  downward  — Place! 

Midway  between  outward  and  downward,  palms  turned  backward. 

Note. — For  oblique  positions  see  page  48. 

Arms  down  — Place! 

RESTING  POSITION. 

In  place  — Rest! 

The  position  is  taken  as  described  on  page  23,  with  the  exception  that  the  inne 
arms  rema:n  in  the  downward  position. 

FACING  POSITION. 

Facing-  position  — Face! 

The  pupil  at  the  right  makes  a quarter  turn  to  the  left  on 
the  left  heel;  the  other  a quarter  turn  to  the  righ  t 
on  the  right  heel.  The  pupil  at  the  left  grasps  the 
ring  of  the  one  at  the  right.  Both  turns  are 
executed  simultaneously  at  the  command  “face!” 
The  rings  are  held  in  a vertical  position.  (Fig.  36. 

Front  position  — Face! 

The  pupil  at  the  left  lets  go  the  ring  which  he 
holds  in  his  left  hand  and  faces  front,  turning  on 
the  right  heel.  The  pupil  at  the  right  keeping  hold 
of  both  rings,  faces  front,  turning  on  the  left  heel. 


In  position  — Stand! 

See  page  23. 


(Fig.  36.;  Facing  Position. 


<66 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  4. 

Note. — All  of  the  lessons  following  begin  in  the  “Front  position.” 

Positions  of  the  Arms  in  the  Facing  Position. 

Facing-  position  — Face! 

1.  Arms  in  position  outward  — Place! 

Both  pupils  raise  their  arms  sideways  to  a level  with  the  shoulders.  The  rings 
are  held  horizontally;  palms  turned  downward. 

Arms  down  — Place! 

2.  Arms  raised  into  position  upward  — Place! 

The  arms  are  raised  through  the  outward  position  into  position  upward.  The 
rings  are  held  vertically,  palms  turned  outward. 

Arms  down,  lowered  outward  — Place! 

3.  Arms  straightened  into  position  upward  — Place! 

The  arms  are  bent  and  passing  in  front  of  the  shoulders,  are  straightened  into 
position  upward. 

Arms  down,  lowered  downward  — Place! 

The  arms  are  lowered  a*  they  were  raised. 

4.  Arms  in  oblique  position  downward  — Place! 

Midway  between  downward  and  outward;  palms  turned  downward. 

5.  Arms  in  oblique  position  upward  — Place! 

Midway  between  upward  and  outward;  palms  turned  outward. 

Arms  down  — place! 

Arms  in  position  outward  — Place! 

6.  Arms  in  diagonal  position,  front  arms  upward  — Place! 

*Front  armsin  oblique  position  upward.  *Rear  arms  in  oblique  position  downward. 
See  page  26. 

7.  Arms  in  opposite  position  — Place! 

*Rear  arms  in  oblique  position  upward.  *Front  arms  in  oblique  position  downward. 

S.  Angular  position  outward,  *front  arms  downward  (*rear  arms  out- 
ward) — Place! 

9.  Opposite  angular  position  — Place! 

10.  Angular  position  outward,  (*front  arms  upward)  — Place! 

11.  Opposite  angular  position  — Place! 

For  angular  positions  see  page  27. 

Arms  down  — Place! 

Front  position  — Face!  * 

In  place  — Rest! 

REVERSE  POSITION. 

In  position  — Stand! 

Reverse  position — Face! 

The  pupil  at  the  right  faces  to  the  right,  turn- 
ing on  the  left  heel;  the  pupil  at  the  left  faces  to 
the  left,  turning  on  the  right  heel  grasping  the  other 
ring.  (Fig.  37.) 

Front  position  — Face! 

* If  one  of  the  pair  faces  the  instructor  the  arm  movements  would  be  to  his  right  and  left. 


RINGS. 


67 


LESSON  5. 

Reverse  position  — Face! 

The  positions  of  the  arms  in  the  reverse  position  are: 

1.  Position  downward. 

2.  position  outward. 

3.  Position  upward. 

4.  Oblique  position  downward, 

5.  Oblique  position  upward. 

6.  Diagonal  position  outward,  front  arms  upward. 

7.  Diag-onal  position  outward,  rear  arms  upward. 

Front  position  — Face! 

In  place  — Rest! 

ARM  AND  FOOT  EXERCISE. 

(Facing  Position.) 

In  position  — Stand! 

Facing-  position  — Face! 

1.  Arms  in  position  outward  — upward  — outward  — and  down  — in 

* 4 counts — Begin! 

2.  Stepposition  sideways  to  the  front  and  to  the  rear  — in  4 counts 

— Begin! 

The  pupil  at  the  left  of  the  instructor,  takes  stepposition  sideways  right  and  lett. 
The  other  pupil  left  and  right. 

Note  — For  steppositions,  see  page  25. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2 alternately — in  8 counts. 

4.  Exercises  1 and  2 simultaneously  — in  4 counts. 

Front  position  — Face! 

In  place  — Rest! 

ARM  AND  FOOT  EXERCISE. 

Front  Position. 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Straighten  inner  arms  upward  — in  2 
counts  — Begin! 

First  count:  The  arms  are  straightened  into  posi.  upw. 
Second  count:  The  arms  are  lowered  the  same  way. 

2.  Step-position  sideways  with  outer  feet 
— in  2 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2 alternately  — in  4 
counts. 

4.  Exercises  1 and  2 simultaneously 
in  2 counts.  (Fig.  38.) 

5.  Raise  inner  arms  forward  — in  2 counts. 

6.  Raise  heels — in  2 counts. 

Both  pupils  raise  both  heels.  See  page  26. 

7.  Exercises  5 and  6 alternately  — in  4 
counts. 

8.  Exercises  5 and  6 simultaneously  — in 
2 counts. 

9.  Exercises  4 and  8 — in  4 counts. 

Pig*  3^ • — Front  position.  Stepposition  outward,  outer  feet,  inner  arms  in  position  upward. 


68 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  6. 

TRUNK,  ARM  AND  FOOT  EXERCISE. 


(Reverse  Position.) 
Reverse  position — Face! 


Fig.  39.  Reverse  Position. 
Trunks  in  position  sideways,  arms 
in  position  outward. 


Arms  in  position  outward  — bend  trunks 
sideways  to  the  *front  — raise  trunks 
— and  arms  down  — in  4 counts 
— Begin! 

The  same,  except  bending  trunks  sideways 
to  the  *rear  — in  4 counts. 

Exercises  1 and  2 in  8 counts. 

Arms  in  position  upward  raised  outward  — 
raise  heels  — lower  heels  — and  arms 
down  lowered  outward  — in  4 counts. 

Exercises  1 - 4 - 2 - 4 successively  in  16  counts. 

Front  position  — Face! 

In  place  — Rest! 


TRUNK,  FOOT,  ARM  AND  FACING  EXERCISE. 


(Front  Position.) 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Turn  trunks  outward,  step-position  sideways,  outer  feet,  and 

straighten  inner  arms  upward  — in  2 counts  — Begin! 

These  three  movements  are  taken  at  the  first  count,  the  second  count  is  the 
starting  position . 

The  trunk  is  turned  on  its  perpendicular  axis.  The  foot  of  the  standing  limb  is 
not  moved. 

2.  Exercise  1 (2  counts)  — facing  position  (1  count)  — arms  raised 

outward  into  position  upward  (1  count)  — arms  downward  — 
lowered  outward  (1  count)  and  front  position  (1  count) — in  6 counts. 
In  place  — Rest! 


ARM  AND  STEPPING  EXERCISE. 

(Reverse  Position.) 

In  position  — Stand!  Reverse  position  — Face! 

1.  One  step  sideways  to  the  *front  (2  counts)  — raise  arms  outward  (2 
counts)  — one  step  sideways  to  the  *rear  (2  counts)  and  raise  arms 
outward  into  position  upward  (2  counts)  — in  8 counts. 

For  stepping,  see  page  27. 

Front  position  — Face! 

If  one  of  the  pair  faces  the  instructor,  the  trunk  movements  would  be  to  his  right  or  left.  Fig.  39. 


RINGS. 


6 9 


LESSON  7. 

LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 


(Front  Position.) 


3.  Exercises  1 and  2 alternately  — in  4 
counts. 


6.  Exercises  4 and  5 in  4 

counts. 

7.  Exercises  3 and  6 — in  8 

counts. 


In  place  — Rest! 


1. 


2. 


Eonge  forward,  inner  feet,  and  arms 
in  slant  position  forward-upward 
~ in  2 counts  — Begin!  (Fig.  40.) 

Note. — For  longe  movement  seepage  31. 

Eonge  sideways,  outer  feet,  inner 
arms  in  oblique  position  downward, 
outer  hands  over  shoulders  heads 
turned  inward — in  2 counts.  (Eig.41.) 


Eong  sideways  to  the  rear  turning 
trunks  inward  (towards  each  other) 
and  raising  inner  (rear)  arms  into 
position  outward  — in  2 counts  — 
Begin ! 

5.  Same  as  Exercise  2. 


Front  Position. 

Fig.  41.  Longe  sideways  outer  feet,  inner  arms  in 
oblique  position  downward,  outer  hands  over  shoulders, 
heads  turned  inward. 


Leg,  Trunk  and  Arm  Exercise. 
(Facing  Position.  ) 

In  position  — Stand! 


Front  Posicion. 

Fig  40.  Longe  forward,  inner  feet, 
inner  arms  in  slant  position  forw.  - upw. 


Facing  position  — Face! 

1.  Arms  in  position  outward  (1  count)  — longe  sideways  to  the  front 

(1  bount)  — bend  trunks  sideways  to  the  front  (1  count)  — raise 
trunks  (1  counts)  — recover  (close  heels)  (1  count)  — and  arms  down 
(1  count)  — in  6 counts  — Begin. 

2.  The  same  to  the  rear  — in  6 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2 in  12  counts. 

Front  position  — Face! 


Vo 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  8. 


LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

Facing  Position, 

1.  Longe  backward  right,  arms  in  position  forward  — in  2 counts 


-Begin! 


The  same,  except  longe  backward  left  — 
2 counts.  (Fig.  42.) 

Exercises  1 and  2 in  4 counts. 

Note.— For  backward  longe,  see  page  31. 

Front  position  — Face! 

In  place  — Rest! 

Leg,  Foot  and  Arm  Exercise. 

Facing  Position. 


1. 


Fig.  42.  Longe  backward  left, 
arms  in  position  forward. 

2.  The  same  to  the  rear 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 


/. 

8. 

9. 


Raise  front  arms  sideways, and  stepposition 
sideways,  front  feet,  simultaneously  — in 
2 counts  — Begin! 
in  2 counts. 

Exercises  1 and  2 — in  4 counts. 

Raise  arms  outward,  and  raise  heels,  twice  — in  4 counts. 

Exercises  3 and  4 — in  8 counts. 

Longe  sideways,  front  feet,  and  arms  in  position  upward,  raised 
outward  (1  count)  — and  recover,  and  lower  arms  downward 
(1  count)  — in  2 counts. 

The  same  to  the  rear  — in  2 counts. 

Exercises  6 and  7 in  4 counts. 

Exercise  5 once  — and  8 twice  — in  16  counts. 

Front  position  — Face! 

In  plac'*  — Rest! 

LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

(Reverse  Position.) 

In  position  — Stand! 

Reverse  position  — Face! 

Longe  sideways  to  my  right, 
arms  outward  — in  2 
(Fig.  43.) 

The  same  to  my  left*  — in  2 counts. 
Exercises  1 and  2 in  4 counts. 

Front  position  — Face! 

Longe  sideways,  (instructor’s  left)  arms  in  position  outward 
*0r  to  the  front  and  rear. 


and  raise 
counts  — Begin] 


Fig.  43.  Reverse  Position. 


RINGS. 


7i 


LESSON  9. 

LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

Front  Position. 

1.  Eonge-reverse  sideways,  outer  feet,  and  raise  inner  arms  upward 
— in  2 counts  — Begin!  (Fig.  44.) 

Note.— For  longe-reverse  move- 
ment see  page  32. 

2.  Eonge-reverse  forward,  inner 
feet  and  raise  inner  arms 
forward — in  2 counts. 

3.  Exercise  1 and  2 — in  4 counts. 
In  place  — Rest! 

Leg,  Trunk  and  Arm  Exercise. 
Facing  Position. 

In  position  — Stand! 

Fig.  44. — Longe-reverse  sideways,  outer  feet,  . . . 

inner  arms  in  position  upward.  Facing  position  — Face! 

1.  Eonge  forward  right, turn  trunks  side-left,  right  hand  on  partner’s 
left  shoulder,  in  2 counts  — Begin! 

First  count:  Both  pupils  longe  forward  right,  and 

turn  the  trunk  slightly  to  the  left,  looking  over  partner’s 
left  shoulder.  The  right  arms  are  fully  extended  and 
placed  (with  the  ring)  over  partners  left  shoulder.  The 
left  arms  are  bent-and  the  hands  are  over  own  shoulder. 
Second  count:  Recover  to  starting  position. 

2.  The  same,  except  opposite  longe,  trunk  and 
arm  movements  — in  2 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2 in  4 counts. 

Front  position  — Face! 

Fig-  45 — Facing  Position.  Longe  forward  right,  trunk  turned  side-left,  right  hand  over  partner’s 
left  shoulder,  left  .hands  over  own  shoulder. 


72 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  10. 


LEG,  TRUNK  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

Facing  Position. 

Facing  position  — Face!  • 

1.  Fonge  obliquely  backward-right,  turn  heads  side-left,  inner  arms  in 

position  forward,  outer  hands  over  shoulder,  (left  hands  grasp- 
ing rear  ring)  — in  2 counts  — Begin! 

At  One:  The  pupil  at  the  right  of  the  teacher,  grasps  the  rear  ring  with  her  left 
hand,  and  places  her  right  hand  over  her  right  shoulder.  The  other  pupil  places 
her  right  hand,  holding  the  ring  over  her  right  shoulder,  her  left  hand  retaining 
its  hold  on  the  other  ring.  Both  pupils  longe  obliquely  backward  to  the  front  and 
rear  with  their  right  feet,  turning  their  heads  in  the  opposite  direction. 

The  left  arm  will  then  be  extended  forward. 

At  Two:  Both  pupils  recover  to  the  starting  position. 

Note.— When  the  exercise  is  to  be  continued  several  times,  the  left  hands  may 
retain  their  grasp  on  the  rear  ring,  and  the  pupil  without  a ring  in  her  right  hand 
may  grasp  the  front  ring,  the  right  arm  crossing  the  left  arm.  At  the  command 
“stop”  both  pupils  resume  the  starting  position  (each  grasping  her  own  ring  with 
her  right  hand.) 

2.  The  same  to  the  left,  in  2 counts. 

♦ 

3.  The  same,  right  and  left,  in  4 counts. 

Front  position  — Face! 

In  place  — Rest ! 

LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 


Front  Position. 

In  position  — Stand! 

Fonge  sideways  with  outer  feet  inner  arms  in  oblique  position 
downward  (1  count)  — recover  (1  count)  — facing  position  (1  count) 
— pause  (1  count)  — longe  backward  left,  arms  in  slant  position 
forward  - downward  — (1  count)  recover 
(1  count)  — front  position  (1  count)  pause  (1 
count)  — longe  sideways  with  outer  feet, 
inner  arms  in  oblique  position  downward  (1 
count)  — recover  (1  count)  — reverse  position 
(1  count)  — pause  (1  count)  — longe  forward 
right,  arms  in  slant  position  backward-down- 
ward (1  count)  (Fig.  46.)  — recover  (1  count)  — 
front  position  (1  count}^—  pause  (1  count)  — 
all  in  16  counts  — Begin! 

Longe  forward  right,  arms  in  slant  position  backward. 


Fig.  46.  Reverse  Position. 


RINGS. 


73 


LESSON  II. 

SUGGESTIONS  ON  FANCY  MARCHES. 

Note. — For  Marching,  Fancy  Marches  and  Fancy  Steps,  see  the  author’s  second  book  “Gymnastic 
Tactics.”  Also  see  pages  17,  21,  50,  and  59  of  this  book. 

To  give  specific  instructions  as  to  how  to  arrange  the  class  in  ranks  of  “fours,” 
“eights,”  ect.,  etc  , it  would  be  necessary  to  know  the  arrangement  of  the  class,  as 
there  are  many  different  ways  in  which  this  can  be  done.  Supposing  the  class  to  be 
arranged  in  two  columns  of  “front”  pairs,  (Fig.  1.) 

Fig.  1. 

12  12 


1 11 

The  following  minouvering  would  be  sufficiently  simple  to  begin  with  : 

Forward,  columns  countermarch  outward  — March!  (Fig*.  2.) 


Fig.  3- 


V *j 
• I 


Fig.  2. 

II  II 

» U a IS 


i Column.  11  Column. 


Each  pair  in  turn  performs  a “half  wheel”  at  the  point  where  the  first  pair  wheeled.  Four 
steps  are  taken  to  the  half  wheel.  The  pivot  around  which  the  first  column  turns 
is  the  point  where  the  first  member  of  the  first  file  begins  the  half  wheel.  The 
pivot  of  the  second  column  is  the  first  member  of  the  second  file.  Each  pair  is  per- 
forming a half-wheel  while  the  column  is  said  to  be  making  a half  turn  When  all 
the  twoes  have  wheeled,  or  before  that  time,  the  following  command  is  given: 


Columns,  countermarch  inward  — March!  (Fig-.  3.) 

The  “twoes”  of  column  1 grasp  the  rings  of  the  “ones”  of  column  11.  When  all  have 
arranged  in  “fours,”  (Fig.  3.) 

Mark  time  — March! 

Class  — Halt! 

There  are  also  many  ways  in  which  the  columns  may  be  separated.  A simple  way  would  be 
to  have  the  pupils  take  side-step 

Columns,  side-step  outward  — March! 

The  two  files  of  column  1 take  side-step  to  the  right,  advancing  the  right  foot,  the  files  of 
column  11  take  side-step  to  the  left,  advancing  the  left  foot. 

Note. — For  stepping  see  page  27. 

When  the  columns  are  in  open  order,  give  the  command: 

Class  — Halt! 


74 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS 


LESSON  12. 

Suggestions  on  Fancy  Marches  Continued. 

To  form  A square.  Supposing  the  class  to  be  arranged  in  four  columns  of  pairs,  (Fig.  i.) 

Fig.  i 

12  I 2 I 2 12 


1234 


the  following  would  be  one  way  in  which  to  form  a square: 

Second  files,  one  step  obliquely  backward  to  the  right  - 

Fig. 

2—  — 

1- 


- March!  (Fig.  2.) 


1— 

2- 
1— 
2— 

1— 


3 4 


Column  one,  right-about  — Face! 

Columns  1 and  4 forward,  to  the  right,  columns  2 and  3 sidestep  out- 
ward — March! 

When  the  columns  are  opposite  each  other,  give  the  commands: 

Mark  time  — March! 

Columns  — Halt! 

Class,  inward  — Face! 

Columns  i,  3 and  4 face  to  the  right.  Column  2 faces  to  the  left 

The  four  columns  are  now  standing  in  a square  facing  inward . (Fig.  3.) 

1.  Fig.  3. 


11 


I 


To  bring  the  class  into  its  original 
position  reverse  the  order  of  the  move- 
ments given  in  the  above  example.  Of 
course  there  are  many  other  ways  in 
which  this  can  lie  done,  but  lack  of  space 
111  prohibits  from  going  into  details. 


For  a Ring  exercise  arranged  to  music 
see  page  121 . 


iv. 


THE  WAND. 


THE  WAND, 


The  Apparatus: — 

Material , Hard  or  soft  wood. 

In  the  higher  grades  of  the  High  School 
boys  may  use  iron  wands,  plain  or  nickle 
plated,  weighing  from  to  3 pounds. 
Length , 42  inches. 

7'hickness , From  % to  1 inch  diameter. 


Place  for  keeping  the  Wands. 


A wooden  rack  is  fastened  to  the  wall,  as 
shown  in  the  cut.  The  wands,  in  resting 
upan  the  rack,  incline  slightly  towards  the 
wall. 

Taking  the  Wands.  The  class  marches 
to  the  rack,  and  in  passing,  with  the  rack 
either  at  the  right  or  left  side,  each  pupil  in 
turn  takes  a wand,  holding  it  in  the  right 
hand,  vertically  at  the  right  side.  For  more 
definite  instruction  see  Lesson  1. 

The  wands  are  replaced  in  a similar 
way  i.  e.  each  pupil  in  turn  places  his 
wand  on  the  rack.  All  this  should  be  done 
quietly,  quickly  and  systematically. 


Arrangement  of  the  Class.  Boys  and  girls  should  be  placed  in  separate 
rows,  and  all  the  pupils  graded  according  to  size,  the  shorter  ones  in  front. 


At  least  two  drills  a week  should  be  given. 


Do  not  have  music  with  the  exercise  oftener  than  once  a week. 


Keep  time  by  tapping  lightly  with  a pencil. 

Always  teach  the  parts  of  a combination  first;  then  put  the  parts 


together  one  by  one,  until  the  whole  combination  is  thoroughly  mastered. 


WAND. 


77 


LESSON  I. 

TO  ARRANGE  THE  CLASS  FOR  THE  DRILL. 

It  is  best  to  arrange  the  class  in  the  class-room  before  marching  out  into  the  hall.  Arrange  boys 
and  girls  in  separate  rows,  graded  according  to  size.  The  class  may  be  arranged  in  any 
number  of  rows,  to  suit  the  size  and  shape  of  the  hall  or  room 

When  the  pupils  are  arranged,  have  the  class  march  into  the  hall  in  a “line  in 
flank”  i.  e.,  one  flank  rank  behind  the  other  As  the  line  passes  the  rack  each 
member  takes  a wand,  and  the  class  is  then  arranged  according  to  the  plan  ot  the 
teacher.  The  wand  is  carried  in  the  right  hand  at  the  right  side  of  the  body.  The 
wand  is  held  between  the  thumb  and  forefinger,  the  thumb  being  behind  the  wand, 
similar  to  holding  a pen  The  wand  is  grasped  about  two  inches  from  the  lower 
end  The  upper  ends  of  all  the  wands  should  be  on  a level.  The  wand  is  held 
vertically  and  the  upper  part  of  the  wand  pressed  lightly,  but  securely,  against  the 
shoulder  groove.  The  left  arm  hangs  naturally  at  the  side  of  the  body. 

This  position  is : “Wand  at  right  shoulder.”  (Fig.  50.) 

Arrangement  of  the  Class  in  Three  Ranks. 


o 

PQ 


4 — 
3 ~ 


As  a rule,  all  positions  of  the  wand  are  taken  in  one  movement,  except  when  changing  the 
grasp  of  one  or  both  hands. 

Wand  in  horizontal  position  downward  (in  front)  (2  counts) — Place! 
(Fig-.  49.) 

The  first  count  or  tap:  The  left  arm  is  raised  to  the  right,  and  the  hand,  open, 

fingers  straight,  placed  behind  and  against  the  wand,  immediately  over  the  right 
shoulder.  I he  thumb  of  the  left  hand  is  placed  in  front  of  the  wand. 

Second  count:  The  left  arm  with  the  wand,  (held  between  the  thumb  and 

the  out-stretched  hand)  is  brought  quickly  into  the  downward  position  (Fig.  49.) 

In  the  wand  movements,  the  position  of  the  wand  is  considered  and  not,  as  in  free- 
gymnastics,  the  position  of  the  arms.  In  nearly  all  of  the  positions  of  the  wand,  the  arms 
are  in  an  ob’ique  position. 


Fig.  40. — Horizontal 
posi.  cfownw.in  front. 


As  a general  rule  the  wand  is  held  be- 
tween the  thumb  and  the  palm  of  the  outstretched 
hand,  when  the  arms  are  straight.  When  the  arms  are 
bent  the  fingers  are  bent  and  the  hand  fully  grasps  the 
wand. 

Wand  at  rig-ht  shoulder  (2  counts)  — 
Place!  (Fig*.  50.) 

First  count:  The  left  arm  with  the  wand  is  raised 

to  the  right,  and  the  wand  and  left  hand  placed  as 
described  above. 

Second  count:  The  left  arm  without  the  wand  is 

placed  at  the  left  side. 

TO  DISMISS  THE  CLASS. 

The  class  is  marched  in  a “line  in  flank”  to  the  rack, 
and  each  member  in  passing  replaces  his  wand.  The 
line  then  marches  into  the  class-room;  upon  entering, 
each  member  marches  directly  to  his  or  her  seat. 


Fig.  50  — Vertical 
position  at  right 
shoulder. 


7« 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  2. 

All  of  the  lessons  following  begin  with  wand  at  right  shoulder. 

POSITIONS  OF  THE  WAND. 

GRASPS. 

In  teaching  wand  exercises,  it  is  necessary,  at  the  start,  to  thoroughly  understand  the  different 
“grasps”  in  which  the  wand  may  be  held. 

The  wand  can  be  grasped  in  four  distinct  ways: 

1.  Ordinary  grasp:  When  the  back  of  the  hands  are  turned  towards  the  face, 

or  towards  their  own  side. 

2.  Reversed  grasp:  When  the  palms  of  the  hands  are  turned  towards  the  face. 

3.  Combined  grasp:  When  one  hand  has  ordinary  and  the  other  hand 

reversed  grasp. 

4.  Twisted  grasp:  When  the  wrists  and  arms  are  twisted. 


The  wand  may  be  grasped  with  both  or  either  hand,  at  both  ends,  either  end,  or  in  the  middle. 

Wand  in  position  downward  (2  counts)  — Place!  (Fig*.  49.) 

The  wand  is  now  held  in  the  ordinary  grasp. 


Deft  hand,  reversed  grasp  (1  count)  — Place! 


While  the  left  hand  changes  its  grasp,  (palm  turned  to  the  front)  the  right 
hand  sustains  the  horizontal  position  of  the  wand. 

The  wand  is  now  held  in  the  combined  grasp;  right  hand  ordinary,  left  hand  « 
reversed.  * 

Right  hand,  reversed  grasp  — Place! 

The  wand  is  now  held  in  the  reversed  grasp. 

Ordinary  grasp,  right  hand  leading,  (2  counts)  — Place  ! 

Wand  in  position  forward  — Place  ! 

Arms  straight  forward,  wand  on  a level  with  the  shoulders. 

Wand  in  position  upward  — Place! 

Arms  upward,  wand  horizontal  over  head. 

Wand  on  shoulders — Place!  (Fig.  51.) 

The  wand  rests  equally  on  both  shoulders,  in  back  of  the  neck,  'lhe  arms  I 
are  bent,  the  wand  fully  grasped  and  the  hands  slightly  bent  backward. 

Wand  in  position  backw.  — Place!  (Fig.  52.)  ( 


The  wand  is  lowered  backw.  and  the  arms 
are  fully  extended.  The  hands  have  the 
twisted  grasp  although  the  wand  is  held 
chiefly  between  the  thumb  and  the  first  finger. 
The  cut  shows  the  ordinary  grasp. 

Wand  in  position  upw.  — Place! 

Wand  in  position  downward,  arms 
bent  — Place! 

The  wand  passes  near  the  chest. 

The  intermediate  straight-arm 
horizontal  positions  are  : 

1.  Forward-downward.  Midway  betwee  i 
forward  and  downward. 

2.  Forward  - upward : Midway  betwee  » 

forward  and  upward. 

Wand  at  right  shoulder  (2  counts) 
— Place!  # 1 


WAND. 


79 


LESSON  3. 

Changing  From  One  Position  to  Another. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

Wand  in  position  backward,  raised  over  head  — Place! 

Wand  in  position  downward,  raised  over  head  — Place! 

Wand  in  position  backward,  letting-  g-o  left  (or  rig-ht)  hand  {Z 
counts)  — Place! 

First  count:  The  left  hand  lets  go  and  the  right  hand  swings  the  wand  down-' 

ward  and  to  the  right. 

Second  count:  The  right  hand  swings  the  wand  upward  and  io  the  le  f 

behind  the  body,  and  the  left  hand  grasps  the  wand,  (ordinary  grasp.)  (Fig  52. 

Wand  in  position  downward,  letting-  g-o  rig-ht  (left)  hand  (2  counts- 
— Place! 

The  reverse  of  the  foregoing  movement. 

Wand  at  left  shoulder  (2  counts)  — Place! 

Opposite  of  Fig.  50. 

Wand  in  position  upward  (2  counts)  — Place! 

First  count:  The  right  hand  grasps  the  wand  with  the  thumb  and  fir- 

finger,  palm  to  the  front. 

Second  count:  The  wand  is  placed  in  the  position  upward. 

Wand  at  rig-ht  shoulder  (2  counts)  — Place! 

First  count:  The  wand  is  placed  at  the  right  shoulder. 

Second  count:  Ihe  lett  hand  is  placed  at  the  left  side. 

Wand  in  position  downward  (2  counts)  — Place!! 

In  place  — Rest  (Fig-.  53.) 

The  wand  remains  in  the  horizontal  position,  resti  ngagain^ 
the  thigh.  In  other  respects,  ’he  resting  position  is>  taken  as 
described  on  page  23. 

In  position  — Stand  ! (Fig*.  49.) 

See  page  23. 

HORIZONTAL  POSITIONS  (Continued.) 

Wand  on  chest  — Place! 

The  wand  is  placed  on  the  chest,  the  hands  fully  grasp  t&«? 
wand,  and  are  slightly  turned  back. 

Wand  on  chest  side-rig-ht  — Place! 

Fig.  53* — Resting  position. 

The  right  arm  is  extended',  the  wand  resting  between  the  thumb  and  forefinger. 
The  hand  is  open  and  the  palm  turned  to  the  front.  The  left  arm  is  bent,  th$r 
grasp  is  loosened  somewhat  and  the  hand  bent  still  more  backward. 

Wand  on  chest  side-left  — Place!  (Fig-.  54.) 

The  opposite  of  the  foregoing  position. 

Wand  on  shoulders  side-left  — Place! 

The  light  hand  raises  the  wand  over  the  head  and  places  it  on  the-  shoulder 
The  left  hand  and  the  left  end  of  the  wand  remain  stationary. 

Wand  on  shoulders  side-rig-ht  — Place! 

The  opposite  of  the  foregoing  position, 

Wand  at  right  shoulder  (2  counts)  — Place! 


8o 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  4. 

ARM  AND  FOOT  EXERCISE. 


Wand  in  position  downward  (2  counts)  — Place! 

1.  Wand  in  position  forward  — upward — forward,  and  downward  — in  4 

counts  — Begin! 

In  order  to  guard  against  the  movement  being  too  fast,  and  to  insure  percision, 
it  is  best  to  give  two  taps  to  each  count  or  movement,  i.  e.,  one  tap  for  the  movement, 
and  one  for  the  position  following  the  movement. 

2.  Wand  on  chest  side-right,  and  step-position  side-left,  in  2 counts. 


and  foot  movements. 

Fig.  54. — Wand  on  chest  side-left,  foot  in  step-position  side-right. 


First  count:  The  wand  is  placed  in  position  on  chest  side- 

right,  and  the  left  foot  in  position  side  left. 

Second  count:  The  wand  is  placed  in  the  starting  position 

and  the  heels  are  closed. 

3.  Same,  except  opposite  positions.  (Fig.  54.) 

Wand  on  chest  side-left,  and  right  foot  in  position  side- right. 

Exercises  2 and  3 in  4 counts. 

Exercises  1 and  4 in  8 counts. 

In  place — Rest! 

Invent  new  combinations  of  familiar  wand  positions 


OBLIQUE  POSITIONS. 

In  the  oblique  positions  of  the  wand  the  arms  are,  as  a rule,  in  the  angular 
positions. 

In  position  — Stand!  j 

1.  Wand  in  oblique  position  side-right,  downward — Place! 

f, 

Left  arm  downward,  right  arm  outward.  < 

2.  Wand  in  oblique  position  side-right,  upward  — place!  \ 

Left  arm  in  position  upward,  right  arm  in  position  outward  (Fig.  59  ) 

3.  Wand  in  opposite  position  — Place! 

Oblique  position  side-left  upward. 

4.  Wand  in  oblique  position  side-left,  downward  — Place! 

Wand  at  right  shoulder  (2  counts)  — Place! 

There  are  also  forward  and  backward  oblique  positions.  The  following  are 
some  of  them. 

1.  Oblique  position:  Forward-downward,  right  arm  at  right  side,  left  arm  in 

position  forward. 

2.  The  same  except  left  arm  at  left  side  and  right  arm  in  position  forward. 

3.  Oblique  position  forward-upward:  right  arm  upward,  left  arm  forward. 

4.  The  same  except  left  arm  upward,  right  arm  forward. 

5.  Oblique  position  backward-downward : left  arm  at  right  side,  right  arm  in 

horizontal  position  backward. 

6.  The  same,  except  right  arm  left  side  and  left  arm  in  horizontal  position 
backward. 


WAND. 


81 


LESSON  5. 

HORIZONTAL  POSITIONS. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

1.  Wand  in  horizontal  position  side-right-down  — Place! 

7'he  wand,  without  changing  its  position  or  the  grasp  of  the  hands,  is  swung 
around  to  the  right  side  of  the  body.  The  direction  of  the  wand  is  forward  and 
backward.  The  grasp  is  loose. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

2.  Wand  in  horizontal  position  side-left-down  — Place! 

The  opposite  of  position  No.  i. 

3.  Wand  in  position  forward  — Place! 

Wand  in  reverse  position  forward,  right  (or  left)  arm  upward  — 
Place! 

The  right  end  of  the  wand  is  moved  upward  and  to  the  left.  The  left  end  down- 
ward and  to  the  right . 

The  arms  are  twisted,  the  grasp  is  loose,  the  wand  horizontal,  resting  between  and 
against  both  arms  at  the  elbow. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

4.  Wand  in  horizontal  position  over  head,  right  (or  left)  hand  forward 

— Place! 

The  direction  of  the  wand  is  forward.  7'he  arms  are  slightly  bent;  the  grasp  loose. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

Wand  in  position  backward,  letting  go  right  hand  (2  counts)  — 
Place! 

7'he  wand  is  in  horizontal  position  behind  the  body,  ordinary  grasp. 

-5.  Wand  on  back,  hands  fast  — Place! 

The  wand  is  moved  upward,  the  arms  are  bent,  the  grasp  loosened.  The  wand  is  held 
between  the  thumbs  and  forefingers.  'J  he  fingers  are  straight  and  turned  outward; 

. the  palms  of  the  hands  are  turned  to  the  iront.  The  wand,  rests  securely  against 
the  back,  in  the  elbows  ard  along  the  forearms. 

6.  Wand  on  back,  fists  on  chest  — Place! 

7'he  hands  let  go  the  wand  and  the  fists  are  placed  on  the  chest.  The  wand 
rests  between  the  back  and  the  eibows. 

Wand  in  position  backward,  reversed  grasp  — Place! 

7'he  arms  are  straightened,  the  wand  dropped  and  caught  in  the  hands,  the 
palms  turned  to  the  front. 

Wand  in  position  downward,  ordinary  grasp,  letting  go  right  hand 
(3  counts)  — Place! 

First  count:  7'he  right  hand  lets  go,  and  the  wand  is  placed  in  front  of  the  body 

Second  count:  1 he  right  hand  grasps  the  wand  with  ordinary  grasp. 

7'hird  count:  7'he  left  hand  takes  the  ordinary  grasp. 

In  place  — Rest! 

ARM  AND  FOOT  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Wand  on  shoulders  side-right,  and  cross-stepposition  forward-right 

simultaneously  — in  2 counts  — Begin! 

Cross-stepposition,  page  30. 

2.  Wand  in  position  upward  (arms  straight)  and  raise  heels,  simul- 

taneously — in  2 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2 in  4 counts. 

4.  Wand  on  shoulders  side-left,  and  cross-stepposition  forward-left, 

simultaneously  — in  2 counts. 

5.  Exercises  4 and  2 in  4 counts. 

6.  Exercises  3 and  5 in  8 counts. 

Wand  at  right  shoulder  — Place! 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  6 


a v 


VERTICAL  POSITIONS. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

1.  Wand  in  vertical  position  forward,  right  hand  upward 
— Place! 

The  wand  is  placed  in  vertical  position  in  front  of  the  body, 
the  right  hand  being  opposite  the  forehead.  The  arms  are 
slightly  bent;  the  wand  is  held  loosely  between  the  thumb  and  the 
open  hand  The  palm  of  right  hand  is  turned  outward,  that  of  the 
left  hand  towards  the  body. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

2.  Wand  in  vertical  position  forward,  left  hand  upward 
— Place!  (Fig.  55.) 

The  oppos:te  of  position  No.  i. 

Wand  in  opposite  position  — Place! 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

55  — Vertical  position  forward,  left  hand  upward. 

3.  Wand  in  vertical  position  side-right,  right  hand  upward,  (left  arm 
down  in  front)  — Place!  (Fig^.  56.) 

The  wand  is  p’aced  in  a vertical  position  at  the  right  side  of  the 
body.  The  lower  left  end  of  the  wand  rests  against  the  right  hip;  the 
upper  part  of  the  wand  rests  against  the  upper  right  arm.  The  right 
arm  is  in  position  upward,  but  bent;  the  left  arm  is  also  bent.  The 
grasp  is  loose,  the  palm  of  the  open  right  hand  is  turned  outward,  the 
left  hand  is  just  above  the  right  hip  , 

W7and  in  position  downward  — Place! 

W and  in  vertical  position  side-left,  left  hand  upward,  (right 
arm  downward  in  front)  — Place! 

The  opposite  of  position  No.  3. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

Wand  in  vertical  position  side-right,  left  arm  over  head  — ^ 

Place! 

Fig  56. — Vertical  position  side-right,  right  arm  upward,  left  arm  downward  in  front*; 
The  position  of  the  wand  is  the  same  as  position  No.  3.  The  right  arm  an<| 
hand  remain  at  the  right  side.  The  left  hand  and  end  of  the  wand  are  raised  arid’ 
the  bent  arm  placed  over  head  The  grasp  is  loose,  the  left  hand  is  open  and  the| 
palm  turned  outward. 

Wand  in  opposite  position  — Place! 

Opposite  of  position  No.  5 
Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 

ARM  AMD  LEG  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand! 

Wand  in  vertical  position  forward,  left  hand  upward  (1  count) 
longe  side-right  and  wand  in  position  forward  (1  count)  — recover 
and  wand  in  vertical  position  forward,  left  hand  upward  (1  count) 
— and  wand  in  position  downward  (1  count)  — in  4 counts  — 
Begin! 

Longe  movement,  page  31. 

The  same,  except  opposite  wand  and  longe  positions  — in  4 counts. 
Exercises  1 and  2 — in  8 counts. 

Wand  at  right  shoulder  — Place! 


4. 


5. 


1. 


WAND. 


83 


LESSON  7. 

VERTICAL  POSITIONS. 

1.  Wand  at  foot  (2  counts)  — Place!  (Fig-  57.) 

First  count:  The  right  arm  is  bent,  and  the  wand  let  drop  (sliding 

through  the  fingers)  until  the  upper  end  is  just  above  the  shoulder,  at  the 
same  time  the  left  arm  is  carried  to  the  right  side  and  the  palm  of  the  hand 
pressed  against  the  v and  at  the  shoulder  groove. 

Second  count:  The  right  arm  is  straightened;  the  lower  end  ot  the 

wand  touches  the  floor  and  the  left  arm  is  placed  at  the  left  side  (Fig  57.) 

2.  Wand  at  (rig-ht)  shoulder  (2  counts)  — - Place! 

First  count:  The  wand  is  thrown  upward  to  the  proper  heighth  passing 
through  the  fingers  of  the  right  hand;  the  right  arm  slightly  bends,  the  left 
arm  is  carried  to  the  right  side  and  the  palm  of  the  hand  pressed  against  the 
wand  at  the  shoulder  groove;  _at  the  sune  time  the  right  arm  is  straightened. 
All  three  n*.ovememts  are  carried  out  in  rapid  succession. 

Second  count:  The  left  arm  is  placed  at  the  left  side. 

Wand  at  foot  (2  counts)  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest!  (1  count)  (Fig-.  58.) 

The  position  of  the  body  is  taken  as  described  on  page  23. 

In  taking  the  position  the  upp°r  end  of  the  wand  is  carried  backward  an< 
slightly  to  the  left;  the  lower  end  remains  on  the  floor;  the  right  hand  retain: 
its  position  while  the  left  h nd  is  placed  upon  the  upper  end  of  the  wand  (Se< 

Fig.  58.) 

In  position  — Stand! 

The  position  of  the  body  is  taken  as  described  on  page  23.  The  right  hanc 
places  the  wand  in  its  vertical  position;  the  left  arm  is  placed  at  the  left  "side. 

LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

Wand  at  (rig-ht)  shoulder  (2  counts)  — Place! 

Fig  5S  — 

Wand  in  horizontal  position  downward  (2  counts)  — Place! 

1.  Wand  in  (horizontal)  position  upward  — -wand  on  shoulders,  and 

longue-reverse  side-right  — wand  in  position  upward  and  recover 
— wand  in  position  downward  — in  4 counts  — Begin! 

2.  The  same,  except  longe-reverse  side-left  — in  4 counts. 

3.  Fxercises  1 and  2 in  8 counts. 

Invent  newcombinations  of  familiar  wand  positions,  adding  steppositions, 
longes,  longe-reverses,  bending  knees,  etc. 


Fig.  57  -Wand 
at  foot 


Wand  at  shoulder  — Place! 


84 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  8. 

LEG  ANI)  ARM  EXERCISE. 


Longe  side-right,  wand  in  oblique  position  side-right  downward — 
wand  in  oblique  position  side-rig-ht  up- 
ward (Fig-.  59)  — wand  in  oblique  position 
side-rig-ht,  downward  — and  recover  to 
starting-  position  — in  4 counts  — Begin! 
The  same,  except  to  the  left  — in  4 counts. 
The  same,  right  and  left  — in  8 counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 


TRUNK.  ARM  AND  FOOT  EXERCISE. 


2. 


3. 

4. 

5. 


In  position  — Stand! 

Wand  on  chest  — wand  in  horizontal  position 
upward  and  raise  heels  — wand  on  chest 
and  lower  heels  — and  wand  down  — in  4 
counts. 


VERTICAL  POSITIONS. 

In  position  — - Stand! 

Wand  in  position  backward  down,  letting  go  left  hand  (2  counts)  — 
Place! 

1.  Wand  in  vertical  position  side-right  — Place! 

The  wand  is  placed  at  the  right  side  of  the  body.  The  wand  rests  against  the 
shoulder-groove.  The  right  arm  is  curved,  the  palm,  hand  open,  is  turned  to  the 


front. 

1 he  left  hand,  grasping  the  wand  is  placed  just  over  the  right  hip,  the  knuckles 
turned  to  the  front. 


2.  Wand  in  opposite  jDOsition  — Place! 

The  wand  passes  through  the  horizontal  downward  position  (in  back)  into  the  opposite 
vertical  position. 

Wand  in  horizontal  position  backward-down  — Place! 

Wand  in  horizontal  position  forward  down,  letting  go  . left  hand 
(2  counts)  — Place! 

Wand  at  right  shoulder  (2  counts)  — Place! 


Turn  trunk  side-right,  step-position  side-right,  and  wand  in  hori- 
zontal position  upward  — and  recover  to  starting  position  — 1 in 
2 counts. 

The  same  to  the  left  — in  2 counts. 

Fxercises  2 and  3 — in  4 counts. 

Fxercises  1 and  4 — in  8 counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 


WAND. 


85 


LESSON  9. 

SLANTING  POSITION. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

1.  Wand  in  slanting- position  forward  side-right  upward  — Place! 

The  right  end  of  the  wand  is  placed  at  the  right  shoulder  groove.  The  right 
hand  grasps  the  wand  loosely,  the  back  of  the  hand  turned  forward.  The  right 
elbow  is  lowered  and  placed  against  the  side  of  the  body.  The  left  arm  is  curved 
gracefully,  the  hand  grasps  the  wand  loosely,  the  palm  is  turned  upward.  The 
wand  slants  midway  between  forward  and  upward. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

2.  Wand  in  slanting  position  forward  side-left  upward  — Place! 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

3.  Wand  in  slanting  position  forward  side-right  downward  — Place! 

Same  as  position  one  with  the  exception  of  the  wand  slanting  downward. 

Wand  in  position  downward — Place! 

4.  Wand  in  slanting  position  forward  side-left  downward — Place! 
Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

In  place — Rest! 

LEG,  FOOT  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Wand  in  vertical  position  side-right,  right  hand  upward  and  cross- 

stepposition  forward-right  (1  count)  — longe  side-left  and  wand 
in  vertical  position  side-left,  left  hand  upward  (1  count)  — and 
reverse  order  (2  counts)  — in  4 counts. 

Reverse  order:  Recover  to  cross-stepposition  forward-right,  wand  in  vertical 

position  side-right,  right  hand  upward  (i  count)  — and  close  heels  and  place  wand  in 
position  downward. 

2.  The  same,  except  beginning  at  the  left  — in  4 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2 in  8 counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

TRUNK,  LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand! 

Wand  in  position  backward,  letting  go  left  hand  (2  counts) 
— Place! 

Change  to  reversed  grasp,  right  hand  fast  (2  counts.) 

1.  Wand  in  position  on  back,  hands  fast  (1  count)  — longe  position 

backward-right  (1  count)  — remaining  in  longe  position  bend 
trunk  backward  twice  — (4  counts)  — recover  (1  count)  — wand 
down  (1  count)  — in  8 counts. 

2.  The  same  except  longe  backward  left  — in  8 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2 in  16  counts. 

Wand  in  position  downward,  letting  go  right  hand  (2  counts) 
— Place! 

Change  to  ordinary  grasp,  left  hand  first  (2  counts)  — Place! 

Wand  at  shoulder  (2  counts)  — Place! 


86 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  10. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 


1.  Turn  trunk  side-right,  stepposition  side-right,  and 

wand  in  vertical  position  forward  (towards  the 
right)  right  hand  upward  — and  recover  to  start- 
ing position  — in  2 counts  — Begin!  (Tig.  60.) 

2.  Longe  backward-left,  wand  on  shoulders  — and 

recover  to  starting  position  — in  2 counts. 


3.  Same  as  exercise  1 except  to  the  left  — in  2 counts.) 

4.  Same  as  exercise  2 except  right  — in  2 counts. 
Exercise  1,  2,  3 and  4 — in  8 counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 


5. 


Fig.  6o  — Trunk  turned  in  position  side-right  — stepposition  side-right  — wand  in  vertical  position  \ 
forward,  right  arm  upward. 


SLANTING  POSITIONS. 


In  position  — Stand! 

Wand  in  reverse  slanting  position  forw.  side-right  downw.  — Place! 

The  right  end  of  the  wand  is  turned  downward  and  the  left  hand  placed  under  ; 
the  right  shoulder  Both  hands  grasp  the  wand  loosely;  the  palm  of  the  right  hand 
upward. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

W^and  in  reverse  slanting  position  forw.  side-left  downward — Place!  | 
Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 


LEG,  FOOT  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 


and 


In  position  — Stand! 

1.  Wand  on  shoulders  side-left,  and  stepposition  side-right 

recover  to  starting  position  — in  2 counts. 

2.  Longe  position  backward-right,  and  wand  in  reverse  slanting 

position  downward  side-right  — and  recover  to  starting  position 
— - in  2 counts. 

3.  Same  as  exercise  1 except  opposite  wand  and  stepposition  — in  2 

counts. 


4.  Same  ets  exercise  2 except  opposite  longe  and  wand  positions — 
in.  2 counts. 


5.  Exercise  1,  2,  3 and  4 — in  8 counts. 
Wand  at  right  shoulder  — Place! 


WAND. 


87 


LESSON  II. 

SLANTING  POSITIONS. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

1.  Wand  in  slanting-  position  side-rig-ht  upward  — Place! 

The  left  end  of  the  wand  is  placed  at  the  left  shoulder  and  the  wand  slants 
upward  to  the  right  Both  hands  grasp  the  wand  loosely,  the  palm  of  the  left  hand 
is  turned  towards  the  body,  that  of  the  right  hand  to  the  front.  The  left  elbow 
is  on  a line  with  the  wand. 

2.  Wand  in  slanting-  position  side-rig-ht  downward  — Place! 


The  right  end  of  the  wand  is  turned  downward  to  a point  midway  between 
downward  and  outward. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 


3.  Wand  in  slanting-  position  side-left  upward  — Place! 

Opposite  of  position  No.  1. 


4.  Wand  in  slanting-  position  side-left  downward  — Place! 


Opposite  of  position  No.  2. 


right  upward.  Trunk  bent 
slightly  side  left. 


Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 
I11  place  — Rest! 


LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand! 

Fonge  position  side-left,  wand  in  slant 
position  side-rig-ht,  upward  (1  count) 
(Fig-.  61.)  — chang-e  to  longe  position 
backward  right,  and  wand  in  slanting 
position  side-left,  upward  (1  count)  — and 
reverse  order  — in  4 counts. 


The  left  foot  is  not  moved  throughout  the  exercise. 


Reverse  order:  Change  to  longe  position  side-left,  and  wand  in  slant  position 

side-right  upward  (1  count)  (Fig.  60  - and  recover  to  starting  position  (1  count.) 


2.  The  same,  except  opposite  longe  and  wand  positions  — in  4 counts. 


3.  Fxercises  1 and  2 — in  8 counts. 
Wand  at  shoulder  — Place! 


88 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


1. 


LESSON  12. 

DIAGONAL  POSITIONS. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

W and  in  horizontal  position  forward  — Place! 

Wand  in  diagonal  position  forward,  right  hand  upward  — Place! 


The  right  hand  is  placed  above  the  level,  the  left  hand  below  the  level  of  the 
shoulders. 


4. 


Wand  in  opposite  position  — Place! 

Left  hand  above,  right  hand  below  the  level  of  the  shoulder. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

Wand  in  diagonal  position  side-right — left  hand  upward  — Place! 

The  trunk  is  slightly  turned  to  the  right.  The  wand  is  placed  in  a diagonal 
position  at  the  side  of  the  body,  the  left  end  pointing  to  the  front. 

Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

Wand  in  diagonal  position  side-left,  right  hand  upward  — Place! 
Wand  in  position  downward  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 

LEG,  KNEE,  FOOT  AND  ARM  EXERCISES, 

In  position  — Stand! 

Fonge  forw. -right, wand  in  slant  position 
forw.  side-right,  downward  (Fig.  62)  — 
in  2 counts — Begin! 

Wand  raised  into  position  upward  and 
raise  heels  <—  in  2 counts. 

Fxercise  1 forward  left  — in  2 counts. 
Wand  raised  into  position  upward  and 
bend  knees  --  in  2 counts. 

Fxercise  1,  2,  3,  and  4 — in  8 counts. 

In  place  — Rest! 

Fig,  62. — Longe  forw.-right, wand  in  slant  position  forward  side-right  downw. trunk  bent  slightly  forw. 

LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand! 

Wand  in  reverse  position  forward  right  arm  upward  (arms  twisted) 
(1  count)  — wand  in  reverse  slanting  position  downward  side- 
right,  and  longe  position  backward  (1  count)  — and  reverse  order 
(2  counts)  — in  4 counts. 

Reverse  order:  Close  heels,  and  wand  in  reverse  position  forward  right  arm 

upward  (1  count)  and  ward  in  position  forward  down  (1  count.) 

Same  as  exercise  1 except  opposite  longe  and  wand  positions. 
Fxercise  1 and  2 — in  8 counts. 

Wand  at  shoulder  — Place! 


1. 


3. 


A number  of  the  wand  positions  especially  those  in  which  only  one  hand 
is  used  are  not  given  in  this  manual  for  want  of  space.  They  are  also,  for  the  most 
part,  complicated  and  require  more  room  for  their  execution,  than  Public  Schools 
are  in  possession  of  at  this  time.  Neither  was  it  possible  to  give  as  many  examples  of 
combinations  as  in  some  of  the  other  parts  of  the  book.  The  manual,  however,  was 
written  on  the  supposition  that  the  teacher  attempting  these  exercises  with  appliances 
. has  mastered  the  fi.st  part  of  the  system  “Free  Gymnastics.”  In  this  case  it  will  be 
a comparitively  easy  matter  to  use  the  free  gymnastic  movements  together  with  the 
movements  of  the  wand.  For  fancy  marches,  grouping,  etc.,  see  the  author’s  second 
book.  “Tactics,”  also  pages  73,  74,  and  75  of  this  book. 

A wand  exercise  arranged  for  musical  accompaniment  on  page  124. 


4 


THE  INDIAN  CLUBS. 


FIFTH  GRADE  AND  UPWARDS. 


THE  INDIAN  CLUBS. 


The  Apparatus  : 

Material : Wood. 

Height : 20  inches. 

Thickness-.  3^  inches. 
Weight:  1^  lbs  each. 

The  parts  of  the  clubs  are: 

The  ball. 

The  handle. 

The  body. 

The  base. 


Place  for  Keeping  the  Clubs:  A wooden  bracket  with  notches,  similar  to  J 

the  dumb-bell  rack,  is  attatched  to  the  wall.  (See  the  accompanying  cut.) 
The  clubs  should  be  in  easy  reach  ot  the  pupils. 


Taking  the  Apparatus:  The  class  is  arranged 
in  one  flank  line.  Each  pupil  in  passing 
in  front  of  the  rack,  takes  a pair  of  clubs, 
holding  them  by  the  handles  (in  position 
downward.)  The  clubs  may  also  be 
carried  under  shoulders  or  on  shoulders. 

The  clubs  are  replaced  in  a similar  manner. 

The  drill  should  be  given  at  least  twice  a 
week.  In  the  higher  grades,  when  no 
other  apparatus  is  at  hand,  the  exercise 
may  be  given  daily. 

Musical  accompaniment  should  not  be 
attempted,  until  the  class  has  been 
thoroughly  drilled. 


Fig.  64. — Indian  Club  Rack. 


INDIAN  CLUBS. 


Before  teaching  club-swinging  proper  it  is  advisable  to  give 
the  class  instruction  in  the  positions  of  the  clubs,  and  in  free  gymnastic 
positions  and  movements  with  the  clubs. 

These  preliminary  drills  are  particularly  helpful  in  exercising 
the  wrist,  for  upon  the  flexibility  of  the  wrist  depends  much  of  the 
gracefulness  in  club-swinging. 

.Teachers  familiar  with  the  author’s  first  book  <lFree  Gymnastics” 
will  find  little  difficulty  in  giving-  free-gymnastic  exercises  with  the 
clubs,  a few  suggestive  examples  of  which  are  given  on  the  following 
pages. 


92 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


ARRANGEMENT  OF  THE  CLA.SS. 

The  class  may  be  arranged  in  any  number  of  rows,  in  a cross,  or  a pyramid,  as 
necessity  dictates,  or  taste  suggests. 


Class  Arranged  in  Three  Ranks. 


« 

5 — 

4 — 

3 — 


ii  in. 


Class  Arranged  in  a Cross. 

Boys. 

III. 

5 — 

4 -7 

3 T 

2 — 

1 — 


Girls.  II.  | • | • | • | • | 

5 4 3 2 i 


12345 
I • I * I • I • I I.  Girls. 


— 2 
“ 3 

— 4 

— 5 

IV. 

Boys. 


POSITIONS 

OF 

THE 

CLUBS. 


94 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  I. 

POSITIONS  OF  THE  CLUBS. 

s 

All  of  these  lessons  in  club  swinging  begin  after  the  class  has  been  arranged 
with  clubs  in  first  position  (Fig.  66.) 


1.  Clubs  on  floor  (2  counts)  — Place!  (Fig-.  65) 


First  count:  The  trunk  is  bent  forward  and  the  clubs  placed 

carefully  upon  the  fljor,  a few  inches  outward  from  the  toes. 

Second  count : The  trunk  is  raised  and  the  arms  are  placed  in  the 

fundamental  position. 

2.  Clubs  in  first  position  (2  counts)  — Place!  (Fig-.  66.) 

First  count:  The  trunk  is  bent  forward  and  the  clubs  are  grasped 

Second  count : The  trunk  is  raised  and  the  clubs  are  placed  at  the 

sides  of  the  body . 

Holding-  the  clubs. 

The  clubs  are  grasped  firmly,  close  to  the  ball.  The  thumb 
extends  downward  along  the  handle.  The  last  three  fingers  are  close 
together,  while  the  forefinger  is  held  a little  apart  from  the  others  and 
opposite  the  thumb.  The  backs  of  the  hands  are  turned  slightly  to  the 
front- 


Clubs  on  floor  (2  counts)  — Place!  (Fig.  65.) 
In  place  — Rest!  (Fig.  67.) 

I’he  arms  are  folded  forward.  Otherwise  as  described  on  page  23. 

In  position  — Stand! 


The  arms  are  lowered  and  the  heels  closed. 
Described  on  page  23. 

' Clubs  in  first  position  (2  counts)  — Place! 


Fig.  67  — Resting  position. 


Fig.  66.— Clubs  in  first  position. 


INDIAN  CLUBS. 


95 


LESSON  2. 


3.  Clubs  in  second  position  (2  counts  or  taps)  — Place!  (Fig\  68.) 

There  is  but  one  movement  which  begins  after  the  first  count,  or 
tap  has  been  given.  The  second  count  or  tap  is  given  at  the  completion 
of  the  movement,  that  is,  at  the  moment  the  arms  and  clubs  are  placed 
in  the  exact  position. 

The  clubs  are  raised  with  a tree  movement  forward  and  upward,  and 
placed  in  front  and  slightly  to  the  side  of  the  body.  The  elbows  must  be 
bent  in  due  time,  so  as  to  give  little  movement  to  the  upper  arms.  The  backs 
of  the  hands  are  turned  forward  and  slightly  outward.  The  elbows  rest 
against  the  sides  of  the  body.  The  forearm  and  the  club  form  a straight  line. 
The  clubs  and  forearms  extend  obliquely  outward.  From  this  position  most 
of  the  circles  are  swung.  (Fig.  68.) 


Clubs  in  first  position  (2  counts)  — Place!  (Fig-.  66.) 

The  clubs  are  lowered  as  they  were  raised,  only  reversely.  There  is  but 
one  movement.  It  begins  after  the  first,  and  ends  with  the  second  tap. 

4.  Clubs  crossed  over  head  (2  counts)  — Place!  (Fig-.  69) 

One  movement.  The  clubs  are  raised  forward  and  placed  in  position 
over  head.  The  clubs  cross  at  the  handles.  The  arms  are  curved,  the  wrist  well 
raised,  and  the  backs  of  the  hands  turned  upward. 

Clubs  in  first  position  — Place! 

Fig.  69  — Clubs  crossed  over  head. 

The  clubs  may  also  be  crossed  on  the  breast,  in  any  of  the  parallel  positions  of  the  arms. 
They  may  also  be  crossed  with  the  clubs  of  other  members  of  the  same,  or  of  another  rank. 


LTGHT  gymnastics. 


•96 


LESSON  3. 


■5.  Clubs  uii^er  shoulders  (2  counts)  — Place!  (Fig-.  70) 


One  movement:  The  clubs  are  swung  forward  as  high  as  the  slanting 

position  of  the  arms  forward-downward.  At  this  point  the  clubs  are  turned 
quickly  towards  each  other,  swung  backward  and  placed  under  the  shoulders. 
The  grasp  relaxes.  The  body  of  the  clubs  are  held  securely  between  the  upper 
arms  and  the  sides  of  the  trunk.  The  clubs  are  held  parallel,  and  slant  forward- 
downward.  The  backs  of  the  hands  are  turned  outward. 

Clubs  in  first  position  — Place! 

The  clubs  are  lowered  as  they  were  raised,  only  reversely.  The  right,  or 
left  club  alone  may  be  placed  under ‘honlder.  Also  the  right  club  under  the  left 
shoulder,  or  vice-versa. 


Eig.  70-  Clubs  under  shoulders. 


The  clubs  may  also  be  placed  under  shoulders  from  the  first  position,  by  simply 
moving  the  clubs  back  and  upward.  The  grasp  is  relaxed  and  the  hands  turned 
outward.  From  position  outward  of  the  arms  the  clubs  are  placed  under 
shoulders  in  a similar  manner. 


6.  Clubs  on  shoulders  (2  counts)  — Place!  (Fig*.  71.) 


Qne  movement:  The  clubs  are  raised  forward  and  upward.  The  elbows 

should  bend  quickly,  but  gradually,  and  little  movement  given  to  the  upper  arms. 
The  clubs  are  placed  on  the  shoulders.  The  clubs  are  horizontal  and  parallel. 
The  grasp  relaxes  and  the  backs  of  the  hands  are  turned  outward. 

Clubs  in  first  position  — Place! 

Either  the  right  or  the  left  club  alone  may  be  placed  on  shoulder.  Also 
either  club  on  opposite  shoulder. 


Fig.  71.  Clubs  on  shoulders. 


In  posing  and  grouping  there  are  other  positions  ot  the  clubs  which  may  be 
used,  and  which  the  careful  teacher  will  readily  discover. 


POSITIONS 

OF 

THE 

ARMS. 


98 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  4. 

POSITIONS  OF  THE  ARMS. 


In  giving  commands  for  Indian  club  exercises  the  teacher  must  distinguish  be- 
tween positions  of  the  clubs  and  positions  of  the  arms.  In  the  ttraight-arm 
positions  the  clubs  are  considered  as  extensions  of  the  arms.  For  example:  The 

command  for  the  outward  position  of  the  arms  is,  “arms  in  position  outward.’* 
The  command  does  not  refer  to  the  clubs;  these  are  placed  on  a line  with  the  arms 
(Fig.  72,)  If  in  this  position  it  is  desired  to  change  the  position  of  the  clubs,  for 
instance,  to  a vertical  position,  the  command  is  given:  “Clubs  in  vertical  position, 

upward.”  The  arms  remain  fixed  in  the  outward  position,  and  the  clubs  are  placed 
in  a vertical  position  extending  upward. 


1.  Anns  in  position  outward.  Place  1 

The  right  arm  is  placed  on  a level  with  the 
shoulders  at  the  right  side.  1’he  left  arm  in  the 
same  position  at  the  left  side.  Both  arms  move 
simultaneously.  The  clubs  are  on  aline  with  the 
arms.  '1  he  palms  are  turned  downward  , (Fig  72.) 

2.  Arms  in  position  forward  — Place! 

Both  arms  are  moved  forward,  remaining 
on  a level  with  the  shoulders  The  arms  are  parallel. 

3.  Arms  in  position  upward  — Place! 

The  arms  are  moved  upward  and  placed 
vertically  over  head  Tfie  arms  are  parallel.  (Fig. 72.) 

Arms  in  position  outward  — Place! 
Arms  down  — Place! 

The  arms  are  lowered  into  the  downward 
position.  (Fig.  66.) 


Fig.  72. — Arms  in  positions  outward  and  upward. 


Clubs  on  floor  — Place! 

Two  counts.  (Fig.  65.) 

Iii  place  — Rest!  (Fig'.  67.) 

SLANTING  POSITIONS. 

(See  Bag 6^46.) 

In  position  — Stand! 

Clubs  in  first  position  — Place! 

1.  Arms  in  slanting*  position  backward  — Place! 

2.  Arms  in  slanting*  position  forward-downward  — Place! 

3.  Arms  in  slanting*  position  forward-upward  — Place! 

4.  Arms  in  slanting*  position  side-rig*ht-upward  — Place! 
Clubs  in  first  position  — Place! 

The  other  slanting  positions  are: 

5.  Side-left-upward. 

6.  Side-rig-ht-down  ward. 

7.  Side-left-downward. 


INDIAN  CLUBS. 


99 


LESSON  5. 

POSITIONS  OF  THE  ARMS. 

1.  Arms  in  position  side-right  — Place!  (Fig.  73.) 

The  right  arm  is  placed  in  position  outward.  The  left  arm  is  bent  at  the  elbow, 
and  the  club  is  placed  at  the  right  side.  Both  clubs  and  left  elbow  are  on  a level  wit 
the  shoulders.  (See  page  42.) 

Clubs  in  first  position  — Place! 

2.  Arms  in  position  side-left  — Place! 

Opposite  of  position  No.  i. 

Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

VERTICAL  POSITIONS. 

1.  Arms  in  vertical  position,  right  arm  up- 
ward — Place! 

( The  light  arm  is  straightened  into  position 
Simult.  - upward. 

I The  left  arm  is  lowered  into  position  downward. 

2.  Arms  in  vertical  position,  left  arm  upward, 
moved  forward  — Place! 

Pig  - 73- — Arms  in  position  side-right. 

( The  left  arm  is  raised  through  the  forward  position  into  the  upward  position. 
Simult.-;  The  right  arm  is  lowered  through  the  forward  position  into  the  downward 
( position . 

Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

Clubs  on  floor  (three  counts)  — Place! 

At  the  first  count:  The  clubs  are  lowered,  and  without  pausing,  placed  upon 

the  floor,  at  the  second  count.  At  the  third  count  the  body  is  raised  into  the 
upright  position. 

In  place  — Rest! 

The  other  positions  of  the  arms  are: 

1.  The  oblique  positions  (See  page  48.) 

2.  The  diagonal  positions  (See  page  52.) 

3.  The  angular  positions  (See  page  53  ) 


Invent  new  orders  of  changes,  using  all  the  positions  of  the  arms  and  clubs. 


ci  rG 


"i  oo 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  6. 


POSITIONS  OF  THE  ARMS. 

Grouping. 

Different  ranks  may  be  given  different  positions,  successively  or  simultaneously.  j| 
The  positions  should  always  be  arranged  and  grouped  symmetrically.  The  following 
exercise  will  serve  as  an  illustration : 

Arrangement  of  the  Class. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


Boys. 


A, 


B, 


C, 


A 


I.  II  III. 

Clubs  in  first  position. 

1.  Rank  i:  Arms  in  position  side-right  — Place! 

. Rank  hi  : Arms  in  position  side-left  — Place! 

Rank  n : Arms  in  position  outward  — Place! 

4.  All  : Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

1.  Rank  ii  : Arms  in  oblique  position  upward  — Place! 

2.  Rank  I and  ill  : Arms  in  oblique  position  downward  — Place!  I 

3.  All : Clubs  crossed  over  head  — Place! 

4.  All  : Clubs  in  first  position  — Place! 

1.  Rank  1 : Arms  in  slanting  position  side-right-upward  — \ 

Place! 

2.  Rank  ill : Arms  in  slanting  position  side-left  upward  — 1 

Place! 

3.  Rank  ii  : Arms  in  oblique  position  upward  — Place! 

4.  All:  Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

1.  Rank  ii  : Arms  in  oblique  position  downward  — Place! 

2.  Rank  i:  Arms  in  diagonal  position  outward,  right  arm  up- 

ward — Place! 

3.  Rank  in  : Arms  in  diagonal  position  outward,  left  arm  up-  ■* 
ward  — Place! 

All  : Clubs  in  first  position  — Place! 


4. 


FREE 

GYMNASTIC 

MOVEMENTS. 


102 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  7. 

LEG  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 


Arms  in  position  outward  — longe  side-right  and  arms  in  diagonal 
position  outward,  right  arm  upward  (Eig.  74.)  — recover  and 
arms  in  position  outward  — and  arms  down  — in  4 counts  — 
Begin! 


Fig.  74. — Longe  side-right,  arms  in  diagonal 


The  same  except  opposite  longe 
and  diagonal  position  — in  4 
counts. 

Exercises  1 and  2 — in  8 counts. 

Arms  in  position  outward  and  raise 
heels — arms  in  position  upward, 
and  lower  heels  — arms  in  posi-  ~ 
tion  outward  and  raise  heels  — 1 
arms  down  and  lower  heels  — 
in  4 counts. 

Arms  in  position  forward  - — bend 
knees  — straighten  knees  — 
and  arms  down  — in  4 counts. 

Exercises  4 and  5 — in  8 counts. 

:ion  outward,  right  arm  upward 


7.  Exercises  3 and  6 — in  16  counts. 

Clubs  on  floor  (2  counts)  — Place! 

I.i  place  — Rest! 

FOOT  AND  ARM  EXERCISE. 

In  position  — Stand! 

Clubs  in  first  position  (2  counts)  — Place! 

1.  Stepposition  side-right,  and  right  arm  in  position  outward  — close 
heels  and  right  club  in  second  position  — stepposition  side-left 
and  left  arm  in  position  outward  — close  heels  and  left  club  in 
second  position  — arms  in  position  forward  — clubs  crossed  over 
head  — arms  in  position  outward  — and  arms  down  — in  8 
counts  — Begin! 

-2.  Arms  in  position  forward  — longe  forward  right  and  swing  clubs 
into  slant  position  backward  — recover  and  swing  arms  into  ; 
position  forward  — and  arms  down  — in  4 counts . 

3.  The  same  except  longe  forward-left  — in  4 counts. 

4.  Exercises  2 and  3 — in  8 counts. 


5.  Exercises  1 and  4 — in  16  counts. 


INDIAN  CLUBS 


I03 


LESSON  8. 

WRIST  EXERCISE. 

Anns  in  position  upward  — Place! 

1.  Move  clttbs  forward,  in  2 counts  — Begun! 

First  count:  The  wrists  are  bent  and  the  clubs  placed  in  a hori- 

zontal position  forward.  The  clubs  are  parallel  and  the  arrhs  remain 
straight.  (Fig.  75.) 

Second  count:  The  clubs  are  placed  in  the  vertical-parallel 

position. 

2.  Move  clubs  backward  — in  2 counts. 

3.  Move  clubs  outward  — in  2 counts. 

4.  Move  clubs  inward  — in  2 counts. 

When  moving  the  clubs  inward,  the  arms  are  moved  slightly  outward 

Arms  down,  lowered  forward  — Place! 

Clubs  on  floor  (2  counts)  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 

Fig.  75  — Wrist  movement  in  the  upward  position  of  the  arms. 

In  position  forward,  the  clubs  are  moved  : 

1 Downward, 

2.  Upward, 

3.  Outward, 

4.  Inward. 

In  position  outward,  the  clubs  are  moved  : 

1.  Downward, 

2.  Upward, 

3.  Forward, 

4.  Backward. 

The  rolling  movement  of  the  hand,  describing  small  circles  with  the  clubs,  the  arms 
remaining  fixed  from  the  wrists  to  the  shoulders,  ,s  also  a goo  1 wrist  exercise. 

In  position  — Stand! 

Clubs  in  first  position  (2  counts)  — Place! 

1.  Arms  in  oblique  position  downward  — longe  reverse  side-right 

and  arms  in  oblique  position  upward  — recover  and  clubs 
crossed  over  head  — arms  down,  lowered  forward  — in  4 counts 
— Begun! 

2.  Arms  in  position  outward  and  raise  heels  — arms  in  position  up- 

ward — arms  in  position  forward  — arms  down  and  lower  heels 
in  4 counts. 

3.  Exercise  1 except  longe-reverse  side-left  — in  4 counts. 

4.  Same  as  exercise  2 — in  4 counts. 

5.  Exercises  1,  2,  3 and  4 — in  16  counts. 

For  other  free  gymnastic  exercises  see  the  author’s  “Book  First.’ 9 


104 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  9. 


FREE  GYMNASTICS. 

Different  ranks  may  be  given  different  exercises,  successively  or  simultaneously.  The  careful 
teacher  will  soon  learn  to  compose  exercises  similar  to  the  one  given  here. 

Arrangement  of  the  Class. 

Hoys.  Girls.  Girls.  Boys. 


Clubs  in  first  position. 

1.  Rank  I : Alone. 

Arms  in  position  side-left,  and  stepposition  side  left  — arms  in  position  upward 
and  close  heels  — arms  in  position  side-right  and  stepposition  side-right  — arms 
down  and  close  heels  — in  4 counts.  Twice. 

2.  Rank  11  : Alone. 

Same  as  Rank  1,  except  beginning  at  the  right  - 4 counts.  Twice. 

3.  Rank  111  : Alone. 

SameasRanki  — 4 counts.  Twice. 

4.  Rank  iv  : Alone. 

Same  as  Rank  11 — 4 counts.  Twice. 

All  simultaneously  — 4 counts.  Twice. 

Clubs  on  floor  (2  counts)  — Place!  In  place  — Rest! 

In  position  — Stand!  Clubs  in  first  position  (2  counts)  — Place! 
Rank  1. 


5. 


Longe  side-right  and  arms  in  position  out- 
ward  — clubs  crossed  in  slant  position 
forward-upward  — arms  in  position  outward  — | 

and  recover  and  arms  down  — in  4 counts.  | 

Rank  iv  : ! 

Same  as  Rank  r,  except  longe  side-left. 

Rank  11 : 

Longe  forward  left  and  arms  in  position  out- 
ward — clubs  crossed  over  head  — arms  in  position  out- 
ward— and  recover  and  arms  down  — in  4 counts. 

Rank  in  : 

Same  as  Rank  11,  except  longe  forward- 
right. 

Rank  1 : 

Longe  side-right  and  arms  in  position 
outward  — arms  in  diagonal  position  outward 
left  arm  upward  — arms  in  position  outward 
— recover  and  arms  down  — in  4 counts. 

Rand  iv  : 

Same  as  Rank  1,  except  opposite  longe  and 
arm  positions. 

Rank  11 : 

, Longe  forward  right,  arms  in  position  out- 

ward — clubs  crossed  over  head  — arms  in 
position  outward  — recover  and  arms  down  — 
in  4 counts. 

Rank  111  : 

Same  as  Rank  n,  except  longe  forward 

left. 


y Simultaneously. 


Simultaneously. 


CLUB  SWINGING. 


CIRCLES. 


The  author  distinguishes  three  kinds  of  circles,  viz: 

Arm  CiRCLfts, 
Hand  Circles  and 
Wrist  Circles. 


The  point  around  which  the  arm-circles  are  swung”,  is  the 
shoulder.  The  arms  are  straight  or  nearly  so.  These  are  the  largest 

of  the  circles. 

The  point,  around  which  the  hand  circles  are  swung  is  the 
elbow.  The  arms  are  bent.  The  circles  are  smaller  than  the  arm 

circles . 

The  point  around  which  the  wrist-circles  are  swung  is  the 
wrist.  The  arms  are  straight,  or  nearly  so.  These  circles  are  the 
smallest  ot  the  three. 


ARM. 

Any  one  of  the  three  circles  can  be  swung  with  the  right  or  left 
arm  alone,  right  and  left  arm  alternately,  or  right  and  left  arm 
simultaneously.  Two  different  circles  can  also  be  swung  alter- 
nately or  simultaneously. 

DIRECTION. 

The  circles  are  swung  to  the  right  or  left,  outward  (right  and 
left  from  each  other  simultaneously),  or  inward  (right  and  left 
towards  each  other  simultaneously),  forward  or  backward. 


POSITION. 

The  circles  are  swung  in  front,  behind,  and  at  the  right  and 
left  side  of  the  body. 


INDIAN  CLUBS. 


i°7 


LESSON  10. 

CfcUB  SWINGING. 

When  the  clubs  are  moved  through  more  than  a quarter-circle  the  movement  is 
called  “swinging.”  The  movement  is  principally  m the  shoulder  joints.  The  arms 
are  never  held  entirely  rigid  but  all  the  muscles  should  be  allowed  to  play  freely. 
The  hands  should  hold  the  clubs  loosely  but  securely.  The  wrists  assist  chiefly  ia 
giving  the  clubs  their  proper  position  As  a general  rule  all  the  circles  are  swung 
(thrown)  from  the  second  position  of  the  clubs.  Fig.  68. 

Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

1.  Arms  in  position  forward  — swing-  clubs 
backward  — and  reverse  order  — in 
4 counts.  Begin!  (Fig.  76.) 

First  count:  The  arms  are  placed  in  position 

forward . 

Second  Count:  Both  clubs  (arms)  are  swung  into 

slanting  position  backward. 

Third  count:  The  clubs  are  swung  into 

position  forward. 

Fourth  count:  The  clubs  are  placed  in  second 

position 

There  is  no  pause  on  the  third  count;  the  clubs  pass  through 
the  forward  position  of  the  arms  into  the  second  position 
of  the  clubs. 

Fig.  76  — Swinging  forward  and  backward  (Half-side-arm-circles  ) 

Right  arm  in  position  forward,  left  arm  in  slant  position  back- 
ward — Place! 

2.  Swing  right  club  backward  and  left  club  forward  — simultane- 

ously — in  2 counts. 

Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

3.  Arms  in  position  side-right  — swing  clubs  side-left  — and  reverse 

order  — in  4 counts.  (Fig.  77.) 

4.  Same  as  exercise  3,  beginning  at  the  left. 

Half  Front  Arm-Circle. 

1.  Half  front  arm-circle,  right,  outward  — in  2 counts  — Begin! 

First  count:  The  right  arm  and  club  are  ex- 

tended sideways  to  the  light,  and  without  pausing 
the  club  is  swung  down  and  to  the  opposite  side, 
where,  again,  without  stopping,  it  is  swung  upward 
into  the  second  (starting)  position.  The  move- 
ment begins  immediately  after  “Begin  !”  but  the 
strong  part  of  the  swing  is  the  downward  move- 
ment. When  the  instructor  is  counting  or  tap 
ping,  the  first  tap  is  given  when  the  a»  m is  in  position 
downward,  the  second  tap  when  the  club  rests  in 
the  second  position.  This  is  a general  rule  and 
applies  to  all  circles. 

2.  Front  half  arm-circle  left,  outward 

3.  Double  front  half  arm-circle  outw 

Exercises  1 and  2 simultaneously 

4.  Front  half  arm-circle  right,  inw. 

Fig.  77. — Swinging  sideways  right  and  left  in  front. 
(Half-front-arm-circle.) 

The  right  club  is  swung  to  the  left. 

5.  Front  half  arm-circle  left,  inward. 

The  left  club  is  swung  to  the  right. 

6.  Double  front  half  arm-circle  inward. 

Exercises  4 a d s simultaneously. 

7.  Double  front  half  arm-circle  to  the  right. 

Both  clubs  are  swung  to%  the  right. 

8.  Double  front  half  arm-circle  to  the  left. 

Both  clubs  are  swung  to  the  left. 

Chibs  in  first  position  — Place! 


io8 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  (I. 

FRONT  ARM  CIRCLES. 

Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

1.  Right  arm  in  position  upward  — front  arm  circle  outward-right  — 
pause  in  position  upward  — and  club  in  second  position  — in  4 
counts. 

Right  arm  to  the  right. 

2.  L,eft  arm  in  position  upward  — front 
arm-circle  outward  left  — pause  in 
position  upward  — - and  club  in 

^ second  position  — in  4 counts. 

Left  arm  to  the  left. 

3.  Right  arm  in  position  upward  — front 
arm-circle  inward  right  — pause  in 

9:  position  upward  — and  club  in 

second  position  — in  4 counts. 

Right  arm  to  the  left. 

4.  Left  arm  in  position  upward  — front 
arm  circle  inward  left  — pause  in 
position  upward  — and  club  in 
second  position  — in  4 counts. 

Left  arm  to  the  right. 

Fig.  78.—  Double  front  arm  circle  inward. 

Clubs  on  floor  (3  counts)  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 

In  position  — Stand! 

Clubs  in  second  position  (3  counts)  — Place! 

1.  Arms  in  position  upward  — double  front  outer  arm  circle  — pause 

in  position  upward  — and  clubs  in  second  position  — in  4 counts. 

Right  arm  to  the  right  ( _.  , 

Left  arm  to  the  left  (-Simultaneously. 

2.  Arms  in  position  upward,  double  front  inner  arm-circle — (Fig*.  78) — 
pause  in  position  upward — and  clubs  in  second  position — in  4 counts. 

Right  arm  to  the  left  ( 

Left  arm  to  the  right  f Simultaneously. 

3.  Arms  in  position  upward  — double 

front  arm-circle  to  the  right  — 
pause  in  position  upward  — and 
clubs  in  second  position  — in  4 
counts. 

Poth  arms  to  the  right. 

4.  Arms  in  position  upward  — double 

front  arm-circle  to  the  left  (Fig.  79.) 

— pause  in  position  upward  — and 
clubs  in  second  position  — in  4 
counts. 

Both  arms  to  the  left 

Fig.  79. — Double  front  arm  circle  to  the  left. 

Clubs  in  first  position  — Place! 

The  circles  are  to  be  swung  as  perfectly  as  possible  and  vertically  in  front  of  the  body. 
The  body  should  be  held  still  and  in  an  easy  natural  position.  As  soon  as  the  class  is  able  to 
swing  the  front  arm  circles  in  4 counts,  as  described  in  this  lesson,  teach  the  four  move- 
ments in  2 counts,  that  is,  passing  more  quickly  from  the  first  to  the  second  and  from  the 
third  to  the  fourth  movements.  In  this  case  the  first  count  or  tap  is  given  on  the  second 
count,  or  downward  movement  of  the  circle,  and  the  second  tap,  when  the  clubs  are  placed 
in  the  second  position. 


INDIAN  CLUBS. 


109 


LESSON  12. 

BACK  ARM  CIRCLES. 

The  back  arm  circles  are  swung  behind  the  head  and  back.  The  arms  are  bent.  The  circles  are 
smaller  than  the  front  arm  circles  and  larger  than  the  hand  circles. 

Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

1.  Right  arm  in  position  upward  — back  arm  circle  outward-right  — 

pause  in  position  upward  and  club  in  second  position  — in  4 
counts. 

Swing  the  circle  as  full  as  possible,  bending  and  straightening  the  arm  gradually 
during  the  movement. 

2.  The  same  with  the  left  club. 

In  like  manner  the  following-  back  arm  circles  : 

3.  Inner  rig-ht.  4.  Inner  left.  5.  Double  outer.  6.  Double 

inner.  7.  Double  to  the  rig-ht.  8.  Double  to  the  left. 

Clubs  on  floor  — Place!  In  place  — Rest! 

Next,  swing  the  Dack  arm  circles  directly  from  the  second  position. 

SIDE  ARM  CIRCLES. 

In  position  — Stand! 

Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

1.  Right  arm  in  position  upward  — side  arm  circle  forward  — pause 

in  position  upward  — and  club  in  second  position  — in  4 counts. 

The  circle  is  described  vertically  in  a forward  direction  at  the  right  side  of  the 
body.  The  body  is  turned  slightly  sideways  while  swinging  the  circle. 

2.  The  same,  except  side  circle  backward. 

3.  Left  arm  in  position  upward  — side  arm  circle  forward  — pause 

in  position  upward  — and  club  in  second  position  — in  4 counts. 

4.  The  same  except  side  arm  circle  backward. 

Clubs  on  floor  (3  counts)  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 

The  double  side  arm  circle  forward  or  backward,  simultaneously,  is  seldom 
used,  as  it  can  be  only  imperfectly  swung. 

FRONT  HAND  CIRCLES. 

In  position  — Stand!  Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

1.  Front  outer  hand  circle,  forward-right,  8 (or  any 
number  of)  times  (1  count  to  each,  circle)  — Begin  j 

The  arm  remains-  bent  while  swinging  the  circle,  but  it 
straightens  and  bends  slightly  in  order  to  give  perfect  freedom 
to  the  movement.  While  swinging  the  club  down,  the  grasp 
relaxes  and  the  club  is  held  between  the  thumb  and  first  finger 
only.  When  the  club  is  in  its  upward  position  again,  the  hand 
grasps  the  club  more  fully.  The  circle  is  swung  vertically 
around  the  wrist  on  the  outer  side  of  the  arm . The  direction  of 
the  circle  is  forward.  The  count  or  tap  is  given  on  the  down- 
ward movement  of  the  club. 

2.  The  same  with  the  left  club. 

3.  Front  outer  hand  circle  backward-right,  8 times. 

The  reverse  of  exercise  No.  1. 

Fig.  80. — Double  front  hand  circle  forward. 

4.  The  same  with  the  left  club. 

5.  Double  front  outer  hand  circle  forward,  8 times.  (Fig  80.) 

Exercises  t and  2 simultaneously. 

6.  Double  front  outer  hand  circle  backward,  8 times. 

Exercises  3 and  4 simultaneously. 

Clubs  in  first  position  — Place! 

The  resting  position  should  be  given  whenever  the  pupils  are  fatigued. 

The  front  hand  circles,  single  and  double,  forward  and  backward,  may  also  be 
described  on  the  inner  sides  of  the  arms.  Also  an  outer  and  inner  hand  circle  alternately  or 
simultaneously.  Lack  of  space  prohibits  giving  these  circles  in  a separate  lesson.  The  teacher, 
however,  should  not  neglect  them. 


no 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  13. 

SIDE  HAND  CIRCLES. 

Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

1.  Side  back  hand  circle  outward  right,  7 times  — in  8 counts — Begin! 

1 he  right  arm  is  moved  to  the  right  side,  the  arm  remaining  bent.  At  the  same 
time  the  club  is  swung  downward  to  the  right,  the  grasp  relaxing,  in  back  of  the  arm 
and  the  circle  completed.  All  this  is  done  during  one  count.  Seven  successive 
circles  are  swung  and  on  the  eighth  count  the  club  is  placed  in  the  second  position. 

2.  Side  back  hand  circle  inward  right,  7 times  — in  8 counts. 

The  reverse  of  the  outward  circles.  The  circle  is  begun  by  swinging  the  club 
towards  the  body. 

Next  practice  the  following  side  back  hand  circles  : 

3.  Outer  left.  4.  Inner  left.  5.  Double  outer.  6.  Double  inner. 

7.  Side  front  hand  circle  outward  right. 

The  circle  is  swung  in  front  of  the  arm. 

The  other  side  front  hand  circles  are: 

8.  Inner  right.  9.  Outer  left.  10.  Inner  left.  11.  Double 

outer.  12.  Double  inner. 

Clubs  on  floor  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 

WRIST  CIRCLES. 

Wrist  circles  are  swung  solely  with  the  wrist  and  hand,  the  arm  remaining  straight.  They 
are  swung  in  front,  in  back,  and  at  the  sides  of  the  body,  in  any  of  the  straight  arm  positions. 

In  position  — Stand! 

Clubs  in  first  position  — Place! 

X-  Front  wrist  circle  outward-right,  8 times  — in  8 counts. 

The  club  is  swung  to  the  left,  in  front  of  the  body,  and  in  circle  to  the  right. 

The  other  front  wrist  circles  in  position  downward,  are  : 

2.  Inner  right.  3.  Outer  left.  4.  Inner  left.  5.  Double  to- 

the  right.  6.  Double  to  the  left. 

7.  Side  wrist  circle  forward-right. 

The  club  is  first  swung  backward  (at  the  right  side  of  the  body)  and  then  in  * 
circle  forward. 

The  other  side  wrist  circles  in  position  downward,  are: 

8.  Backward  right.  9.  Forward  left.  10.  Backward  left. 

11.  Double  forward.  12.  Double  backward. 

13.  Back  wrist  circle  outward-right,  in  front  of  arm. 

The  club  is  first  swung  to  the  left,  behind  the  body  and  then  in  circle  to  -the*  • 
right  in  front  of  the  arm. 

The  other  back  wrist  circles  in  front  of  arm,  in  position  downward,  . 
are: 

14.  Inner  right.  15.  Outer  left.  16.  Inner  left.  17.  . Double  • 

outer.  18.  Double  inner. 

The  same  back  wrist  circles  may  also  be  swung  behind  the  arms.  . 

Practice  wrist  circles  in  position  forward,  outward  and  upward,  etc.,  etc.,  etc.  . 


OMBINATIONS, 


a 


Jr' 


1 12 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


LESSON  14. 

Space  does  not  permit  of  giving  many  combinations  of  circles.  In  the  foregoing  pages  the 
teacher  has  been  made  acquainted  with  the  essentials  of  club  swinging,  and  on  page  127  is  given 
an  Indian  club  exercise  arranged  for  musical  accompaniment.  The  following  three  lessons  must 
therefore  suffice  the  teacher  as  illustrations  of  how  the  different  circles  can  be  used  and  combined* 


FRONT  ARM  AND  SIDE  HAND  CIRCLES. 

Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

1.  Inner  half-front  arm  circle  right  — outer  side  back  hand  circle 
. right  — outer  half  front  arm  circle  right  — and  club  in  second 

position  — in  4 counts  — Begin! 

First  count:  The  right  club  is  swung  to  the  left,  and  downward  in  front  to 

the  right,  where  (in  position  outward)  a slight  pause  is  made. 

Second  count:  The  club  is  dropped  downward,  in  back  of  the  arm,  and  a -■ 

complete  circle  described.  The  arm  is  slightly  bent. 

Third  count:  The  club  is  swung  down  in  front  to  the  left  and  without  stopping 

is  swung,  at  the  third  count,  into  the  second  position. 

2.  The  same  except  left  arm  to  the  right  — in  4 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2 combined  simultaneously  — in  4 counts. 

Clubs  on  floor  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 

Side  Arm  and  Hand  Circles  With  the  Forward  Longe. 

In  position  — - Stand! 

Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

1.  Double  front  outer  hand  circle  forward  — longe  forward  right  and 

double  half-side  arm  circle  forward*  — double  half  side  arm 
circle  backward  f — recover  and  double  front  outer  hand  circle 
forward  — repeat  first  three  movements  and  then  recover  and 
place  clubs  in  second  position  — all  in  8 counts. 

* In  the  double  half  side  arm  circle  forward,  the  movement  is  backward,  as  it  is  * 
the  lower  half  of  the  forward  full  circle.  In  other  words  the  arms  are  swung  down 
into  slant  position  backward 

t In  the  double  half-side  arm  circle  backward,  the  movement  is  forward,  as  it  is 
the  lower  half  of  the  backward  full  circle.  In  other  words  the  clubs  are  swung 
forward  and  upward,  through  the  forward  position. 

2.  The  same  except  longe  backward  left  — in  8 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2 successively  — in  16  counts. 

Clubs  in  first  position  — Place! 


INDIAN  CLUBS. 


113 

LESSON  15. 

FRONT  AND  BACK  ARM  CIRCLES. 

Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

1.  Double  half  front  arm  circle  from  left  to  right  — double  half  arm 

circle  from  right  to  left,  left  arm  in  front,  right  arm  in  back 
— double  half  arm  circle  from  left  to  right — and  clubs  in  second 
position  — in  4 counts  — Begin! 

2.  Double  front  arm  circle  to  the  right  — double  back  arm  circle  to 

the  right  — double  front  arm  circle  to  the  right  — and  clubs  in 
second  position  — in  4 counts. 

3.  Double  half  front  arm  circle  from  right  to  left  — double  half  arm 

circle  from  left  to  right,  right  arm  in  front  — left  arm  in  back 
v, — double  half  arm  circle  from  right  to  left  — and  clubs  in 
second  position  — in  4 counts. 

4.  Double  front  arm  circle  to  the  left  — double  back  arm  circle  to  the 

left  — double  front  arm  circle  to  the  left  — and  clubs  in  second 
position  — in  4 counts. 

5.  Double  inner  half  front  arm  circle  — double  outer  half  front  arm 

circle  — double  inner  half  front  arm  circle  — and  clubs  in 
second  position  — in  4 counts. 

First  count:  The  right  club  is  swung  to  the  left,  the  left  club  to  the  right;  ill 

position  outward  there  is  a slight  pause. 

Second  count:  The  right  club  is  swung  to  the  left  into  position  side*left,  and 

the  left  club  to  the  right  into  position  side-right,  in  this  position,  (the  arms  crossed,) 
there  is  a slight  pause. 

Third  count:  Both  clubs  are  swung  downward  into  position  outward,  through 

which  the  clubs  are  swung,  at  the  fourth  count,  into  the  second  position. 

6.  Double  inner  front  arm  circle  — double  inner  back  arm  circle  — 

double  inner  front  arm  circle  — and  clubs  in  second  position  — 
in  4 counts. 

Clubs  in  first  position  — Place! 


LICHT  GYMNASTICS. 


”4 


LESSON  16. 

FRONT  ARM  AND  WRIST  CIRCLES . 

Clubs  in  second  position  — Place! 

1.  Rig-ht  inner  half  front  arm  circle  (to  the  left)  — right  inner  front 

wrist  circle  (in  position  downward)  — and  swing  club  to  the 
right  into  second  position  — in  three  counts  — Begin! 

This  exercise  is  one  continuous  movement. 

2.  The  same  with  the  left  arm  — in  3 counts. 

3.  The  same,  both  arms  to  the  right  — in  3 counts. 

4.  The  same,  both  arms  to  the  left  — in  3 counts. 

Clubs  on  floor  — Place! 

In  place  — Rest! 

Front  Arm  and  Hand  Circles,  and  Positions  of  the  Clubs,  with  Facing 
AND  STEtPOSITIQN  . 

In  position  — Stand! 

Clubs  in  second  position  — Stand! 

1.  Double  half  front  arm  circle  from  right  to  left,  left  face  and  left 
foot  in  stepposition  and  clubs  in  second  position  — double  outer 
front  hand  circle  forward  — swing  clubs  downward  into  slant 
position  backward  — swing  clubs  forward  through  second 
position  — clubs  on  shoulders  — double  outer  front  hand  circle 
forward  — clubs  under  shoulders  — double  outer  front  hand 
circle  forward  — in  8 counts  — swing  clubs  down  in  front  to 
opposite  side  — close  heels  — face  to  the  right  placing  right  foot 
in  stepposition  forward  and  repeat  the  exercise  in  8 counts. 
Continue  ad  libitum. 

First  count:  Both  clubs  arc  swung  sideways  to  the  right,  then  down  in  front  to 

the  left.  On  the  downward  swing  of  the  clubs  the  bodv  makes  a quarter  turn  to 
the  left,  turning  on  the  right  heel.  At  the  end  of  the  swing  the  left  foot  is  placed  in 
stepposition  forward  (to  the  left)  and  the  clubs  in  the  second  position. 

Second  count:  The  clubs  make  but  a slight  pause  in  the  second  position. 

The  double  hand  circle  forward  in  front  of  the  body  [arms  bent]  on  the  outer  sides 
of  the  arms  is  swung. 

Third  count:  Without  pausing  the  clubs  are  swung  forward  and  downward  — j 

the  arms  straightening  gradually  into  the  slant  position  backward  where  a slight 
pause  is  made. 

Fourth  count:  The  clubs  are  swung  forward  and  upward  through  the  second 

position,  the  arms  gradually  bending. 

Fifth  count:  Without  pausing,  the  clubs  are  swung  backward  over  the  j 

shoulders  and  placed  on  the  shoulders  where  a slight  pause  is  made. 

Sixth  count:  The  clubs  are  swung  upward  through  the  second  position  and,  i 

without  pausing,  the  double  front  outer  hand  circle  forward  is  swung. 

Seventh  count:  Without  pausing  after  the  hand  circle,  the  clubs  are  swung 

towards  each  other,  on  the  inner  sides  of  the  arms,  placed  under  shoulders  and 
immediately  swung  back  again  in  the  same  way  into  the  second  position 

Eighth  count:  Without  pausing  a double  front  outer  hand  circle  forward  is 

swung,  after  which  a slight  pause  is  made. 

First  count  of  the  second  eight  counts:  While  the  clubs  are  being  swung  down  in 
front  into  the  second  position  on  the  opposite  side,  the  heels  close,  the  body  makes 
half  a turn  to  the  right,  turning  on  the  left  heel,  and  the  right  foot  is  placed  in 
stepposition  forward  (to  the  right). 

The  other  counts  are  the  same  as  described.  The  exercise  may  be  repeated  as 
often  as  desired.  The  last  time,  after  the  eighth  count,  the  body  makes  a quarter 
turn  to  the  front,  the  heels  are  closed,  and  the  clubs  placed  in  the  second  position. 

Clubs  iii  first  position  — Place! 


EXAMPLES  OF  GYMNASTIC  COMPOSITIONS'. 


Gymnastic  Movements  and  Positions  Arrang-ed  Symetrically  as, 
to  Time  and  Motion,  Rythme  and  Form,  and  with  Regparct 
to  the  Relations  of  Divisions  of  a body  of  Persons 
to  Each  Other,  may  be  Truly  Termed 
“A  Work  of  Art.”  Gymnastics 
are  to  the  Eye  what  Music 
is  to  the  Ear. 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS 


ii  6 


A POLE  EXERCISE. 

(Arranged  for  musical  accompaniment.) 

Music:  Even  time,  2-8,j4-i6,  etc.,  note  = One  gymnastic  count. 

k Triple  time,  One  measure  = One  gymnastic  count. 

Note:— Teachers  are  apt  to  take  the  gymnastic  movements  too  fast.  It  is 
therefore  best  to  count,  or  tap  twice  to  each  gymnastic  count,  i.  e.,  one  tap  for  the 
movement,  (which  is  to  be  taken  rather  quickly)  and  one  tap  for  the  position.  In 
other  words,  make  a slight  but  distinct  stop  after  each  movement. 

Arrangement  of  the  Class. 


123 

Fundamental  position. 

Prelude  d - - - 8 measures. 

Part  I. 

1.  Hands  over  shoulders — arms  in  position  outward  — hands 

over  shoulders — and  arms  down,  twice  8 counts. 

2.  The  same  except  arms  in  position  upward  - - - 8 counts. 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2 alternately,  each  once  8 counts. 

4.  Hands  over  shoulders  — arms  in  position  outward  — arms 

in  position  upward  — hands  over  shoulders  — arms  in 
position  upward  — arms  in  position  outward  — hands 
over  shoulders — and  arms  down  in  - - - - 8 counts. 


Interlude  -----  8 measures. 

Part  II. 

Rank  I alone: 

1.  Raise  right  arms  side-right,  and  stepposition  side-right, 

simultaneously  in  2 counts — 4 times  - - - 8 counts. 

Rank  III  alone: 

2.  Raise  left  arms  side  - left,  and  stepposition  side-left, 

simultaneously,  in  2 counts — 4 times  8 counts. 

Rank  II  alone: 

3.  Raise  both  arms  outward,  and  raise  heels,  simultaneously, 

in  2 counts — 4 times  - --  --  --  8 counts. 

All.  . 

4.  Exercises  1,  2 and  3 simultaneously  8 counts. 


Interlude 


8 Measures. 


POLES. 


117 


PART  III, 

1.  Longe  side-right,  hands  over  shoulders  — arms  in  oblique 

position  upward  — hands  over  shoulders  — and 
recover  — in  4 counts  — twice 

2.  The  same  to  the  left  - 

3.  Exercises  1 and  2,  alternately,  each  once 

4.  2.  Ranks  1 , exercise  1 
Ranks  III  exercise  2, 

R ink  II:  Longe  forward  right,  hands  over  shoul- 

ders — arms  in  oblique  position  downward  — 
hands  over  shoulders  — and  recover  — in  4 
^ counts — twice. 

Interlude  ------- 


8 counts. 
8 counts. 
8 counts. 


8 counts. 


8 measures. 


PART  IV. 

Rank  I and  III  together: 

i.  Hands  over  shoulders  — arms  in  position  outward 

— hands  over  shoulders  — arid  arms  down  — in 
4 counts,  twice  - - 

R ink  II  alone 

2%  Hands  over  shoulders  — arms  in  position  upward  — 

hands  over  shoulders — and  arms  down — in  4 counts 
twice  ------ 


3 

4- 


All  . 


Exercises  1 and  2 simultaneously 
r Ranks  I and  III 

Hands  over  shoulders  — arms  in  position  out- 
ward — hands  over  shoulders  — arms  in  position 
upward  — hands  over  shoulders  — arms  in  position 
outward  — hands  over  shoulders  — and  arms  down, 

" Rank  II 

Hands  over  shoulders — arms  in  position  upward 
hands  over  shoulders  — arms  in  position  outward  — 
hands  over  shoulders  — arms  in  position  upward  — 

«.  hands  over  shoulders  — and  arms  down.  > 


8 counts. 


8 counts. 
8 counts. 


8 counts. 


Interlude 


8 measures. 


PART  V. 

Ranks  I and  III  together. 

1.  Longe  outward,  outer  arms  in  position  outward,  inner  hands 

on  hips,  head  turned  inward,  simultaneously,  in  2 
counts  — 4 times  .... 

Rank  II  alone: 

2.  Longe  forward  left,  arms  in  position  outward,  simultaneously 
in  2 counts  — 4 times 

/ Ranks  I and  III,  exercise  1. 

Rank  II: 

Longe  backward  right,  hands  over  head,  head 
slightly  bent  forward,  simultaneously,  in  2 counts  — 
y 4 times. 

See  illustration  page  15. 

52.  1 Ranks  I and  III,  Exercise  I . 

g -j  Rank  II  Exercises  2 and  3,  each  once,  alternately. 
Finale  ------- 


All 

3- 

in 

B 


All 

4. 


8 counts 


8 counts. 

1 

. 8 counts. 

| 8 counts. 

8 measures. 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


3 1 8 


A DUMB  BELL  EXERCISE. 

(Arranged  for  musical  accompaniment.) 

Music:  Even  time:  2-8,  4-16  etc.,  notes  = one  gymnastic  count. 

Triple  time:  One  measure  = one  gymnastic  count. 

See  Note,  page  ii6. 

Arrangement  of  the  Class. 


Fundamental  position. 
Prelude 


8 measures. 


PART  I.  Positions. 


I- 


2. 


a 

(75 


All  : Arms  in  position  outward  — rest  2 

counts  and  arms  down  — in  4 counts. 

/ Ranks  II  and  III:  Hands  over  head  — rest  'I 

2 counts  — and  arms  down.  I jS  [ 

Rank  I:  Arms  in  slant  position  side-right.  ! g j 

upward  — rest  2 counts  and  arms  down.  [ o 
Rank  IV:  Same  as  Rank  I except  opposite  | ^ [ 

slant  position.  J J 


8 counts. 


f Ranks  II  and  III:  Arms  in  oblique  position  ' 

I downward  — rest  two  counts  and  arms  down. 

X j Rank  I:  Arms  in  diagonal  position  outward, 

| right  arm  upward  — rest  2 counts  — and  arms  > 

£ down. 

Rank  IV:  Same  as  Rank  I except  opposite 

diagonal  position. 


4.  f Ranks  II  and  III:  Arms  in  oblique  position  'j 

upward  — rest  two  counts  — and  arms  down* 

£ I Rank  I-  Arms  in  diagonal  position  outward, 

2 left  arm  upward  — rest  2 counts  — and  arms  }- 

•5  | down. 

^ Rank:  IV:  Same  as  Rank  I,  except  opposite 

diagonal  position.  J 

Interlude  - - - 


! 8 counts. 


V 

8 measures 


DUMB-BELLS. 


119 


PART  II. 

Posing. 


3. 


All: 

Longe  position  side-right,  arms  in  diagonal 
position  outward,  right  arm  upward  — rest 
in  position  3 counts  — in  4 counts. 

A11: 

Change  to  opposite  longe  and  arm  positions,  with- 
out moving  the  feet  — rest  in  position  3 counts 
— 4 counts. 


8 counts. 


Ranks  III  and  IV:  change  to  opposite  longe  and  j 

arm  positions  — 4 counts.  r , 

Ranks  I and  II  retain  their  positions.  ) 

All  change  to  opposite  longe  and  arm  positions 
4 counts 


8 counts. 


5.  Ranks  I and  IV:  Change  to  opposite  longe  and 

arm  positions. 

Ranks  II  and  III:  Retain  their  positions. 

6.  All  change  to  opposite  position  —4  counts. 
Interlude  ------ 


8 counts. 


8 measures. 


PART  III. 

GYMNASTIC  EXERCISES. 


All. 

1.  a , Hands  on  hips  — arms  in  oblique  position ' downward 
— hands  over  shoulders  — arms  in  oblique  position 
upward  — hands  over  shoulders  — arms  in  oblique 
position  downward  — hands  on  hips  and  arms 
down  in  ------  8 counts 

Repeat  la  -----  8 counts. 

All: 


2.  a , Arms  in  position  outward — longe  position  side-right 
— arms  in  position  upward  — arms  in  position  out- 
ward — arms  in  position  upward  — arms  in  position 
outward  — recover — and  arms  down  — in  - 8 counts 


3. 


W 


/ 


Exercise  2 a to  the  left  - 

Rank  I:  Arms  in  position  outward  — longe  \ 

position  side-right  and  arms  in  position  up- 
ward — arms  in  position  outward  — arms  in 
position  upward  — arms  in  position  outward 

— arms  in  position  upward  — recover  and 
arms  in  position  outward  — and  arms  down 

— in  8 counts. 

Rank  IV : Same  as  Rank  I except  opposite  longe. 
Rank  II:  Same  as  exercise  2a  except  longe 

forward  left. 

Rank  III:  Same  as  exercise  2a  except  longe  for- 
ward right.  S 

Repeat  exercise  3 


8 counts 


8 counts. 


8 counts1. 


120 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


POSING. 


5. 


GG 

B 

s 

r+ 

P 

2 

a> 

o 

ss 


/ Rank  I:  Longe  position  side-left;  trunk  turned \ 

side-left,  left  arm  in  slant  position  side-left,  up- 
ward, rig*ht  hand  on  hip  — rest  seven  counts — in 
8 counts. 

Rank  IV:  The  same  except  opposite  positions. 

Rank  II:  Longe  posi.  backw.  left,  hands  over  head 
— rest  7 counts  — in  8 counts. 

Rank  III:  Same  as  Rank  II  except  longe  backward 
right. 


8 counts.. 


All: 

6.  Recover  — and  rest  seven  counts 
Interlude 


8 counts. 
8 measures. 


PART  IV. 

GROUPING. 


All: 


1.  Breaking  ranks  and  keeping  step  and  time  arrange  as  shown  in. 
following  diagram  facing  front  — 8 measures. 

Fig.  i. 


1,4 

1,3  * n, 4 


IV,  4 

III, 4 IV, 3 


11,3  111,3 

11,2  ill, 2 


1,2 


IV,  2 


I,  I ’ II,  I 


III,  I ’ IV,  1 


All: 

2.  Longe  with  inner  feet  forward  towards  the  center  of  the  figures, 
arms  in  diagonal  position  outward,  inner  arms  upward, and  inner 
bells  meeting  over  the  center  of  the  figures.  (See  page  37.) 

All  remain  in  position  through  8 measures. 


3.  a,  Recover,  and  march  to  original  places 
Finale  - 


8 measures* 


RINGS. 


Music.  Fven  time:  %,  2-8,  4-16,  etc.,  notes  = One  gymnastic  count. 
Triple  time:  One  measure  = One  gymnastic  count. 

See  Note,  page  116. 

Arrangement  oe  the  Ceass. 

Girls.  Boys.  Girls. 


Fundamental  position. 

PART  I. 


Front  Position. 


1.  a , Raise  inner  arms  forward, and  stepposition  forward, 
inner  feet,  simultaneously  (2  counts)  — and  raise 
inner  arms  upward,  and  stepposition  sideways 
outer  feet, simultaneously^  counts) — in  4 counts. 
b , Repeat  la. 


> 8 counts. 


2.  a, 


Fonge  forward,  inner  feet,  inner  arms  in  slant 
position  forward- upward  simultaneously  (2  c)  — 
and  longe  sideways,  outer  feet,  inner  arms  in 
oblique  position  downward,  simultaneously  (2 
counts)  — in  4 counts. 

Repeat  2a. 


1 

8 counts. 

J 


3.  a , Same  as  exercise  la,  substituting  longe  reverse 
for  stepposition. 
b,  Repeat  3 a. 


8 counts. 


4.  Repeat  exercises  2 a and  2b 

5.  a,  Facing  position  (1  count.) 
b,  Rest  7 counts 


8 counts. 
8 counts. 


Interlude 


4 measures. 


L }22 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


PART  II. 

FACING  POSITION 

1.  «,  Arms  in  position  outward,  front  feet  in  step-position  sideways 

— arms  in  position  upward,  and  close  heels  — arms  in  position 
outward,  and  rear  feet  in  stepposition  sideways  — arms  down  and 
close  heels  — in  4 counts. 

Longe  sideways  to  the  front,  and  arms  in  position  outward  — 
recover  and  arms  down  — longe  sideways  to  the  rear,  and  arms 
in  position  outward  — recover  and  arms  down  — in  4 counts. 

2.  a , Front  position  — sound  heels  — longe  sideways  outer  feet, 

inner  arms  in  oblique  position  downward,  outer  hands  over 
shoulder  (1  count)  — recover  — repeat  the  third  movement  — 
recover  — sound  heels  — facing  position  — in  8 counts. 
b,  Same  as  2a , except  Front  Position  to  the  rear  — in  8 counts. 

3.  Repeat  la  and  lb  — in  8 counts. 

4.  Front  position  (1  count)  — rest  7 counts  — in  8 counts. 
b,  Interlude  — 4 measures. 


PART  III. 

GROUPING. 

Note: — The  signal  for  makirg  the  changes  should  be  a tap  of  some  kind  distinctly  heard  by  all. 

1.  Form  front  circle,  facing  inward  — 8 measures. 

AH  begin  the  march  with  the  left  foot.  The  number  of  steps  need  not 
be  counted,  but  the  circle  should  be  completed,  before  the  8 measures  of  music 
have  expired.  The  rings  and  arms  form  a continuous  chain.  When  the  circle  is 
complete:  all  Mark  time. 

2.  Form  hank  circle,  facing  left  and  march  forward  in  circle  — in 

16  measures. 

Each  member  places  her  (his)  right  hand  with  the  ring  on  her  own  left  shoulder,  the 

V left  hand  grasping  the  ring  on  left  shoulder  in  front. 

3.  When  the  circle  has  rotated  once  all  (at  the  signal)  march  to  their 

original  places,  halting  and  stand  in  the  “reverse  position”  the 
number  ones  facing  the  instructor  — 8 measures. 


Simultaneous. 


RINGS. 


123 


A 


PART  IV. 

REVERSE  POSITION. 

Arms  in  position  outward  — longe  sideways  to  the  'j 
instructor’s  left,  and  arms  in  position  upward  | 

— recover  and  arms  in  position  outward  — and  \ 

arms  down  — in  4 counts.  f 

Same  as  1#,  except  longe  to  the  instructor’s  right  | 

— in  4 counts . J 

Longe  forward  right,  arms  in  slant  position  back-  1 
ward  — recover  and  arms  down  — longe  for-  I 
ward  left  and  arms  in  slant  position  backward  r 

— recover  and  arms  down  — in  4 counts. 

Repeat  2a.  J 

No.  2 : half  turn  around  No.  1,  in  four  steps  which 

brings  the  pairs  into  the  front  position  — in  j 
4 counts . }> 

Facing  position  (1  count)  — Rest  (3  counts)  — in  | 
4 counts. 

) 


8 counts. 


! counts . 


8 counts. 


1 


a , No  I’s:  Longe  obliquely  forward  to  the  front, 

placing  right  hand  with  ring  over  right  shoulders, 
retaining  grasp  on  other  ring,  placing  left  arm  in 
position  obliquely  forward  to  the  rear,  and  turning 
head  to  the  rear,  (1  count). 

No.  2’s:  Longe  obliquely  forward  to  the  rear,  place  r 2 c.  t.8  c. 

right  hand  over  right  shoulder  (letting  go  the  ring) 
grasp  rear  ring  with  left  hand,  place  left  arm  in  | 
position  obliquely  forward  to  the  front,  and  turn  I 
head  to  the  front  (1  count). 

Recover  to  facing  position  (1  count).  j 

b , Repeat  4a  three  times.  ....  6 counts.  J 

5.  r,  Exercises  \a  and  b reversed  - - - - 8 counts. 

6.  Front  position  (1  count)  — Rest  7 counts  - 8 counts. 

Interlude  - - - 8 measures. 

PART  V.  Grouping. 

1.  At  the  signal,  all  march  to  their  places  according  to  the  following 

diagram,  face  the  center  of  the  circle  or  square  and  halt. 

81  8 lit  \ 


Si  11 


X / 
In  2 ir 


6 1 

V 

10  1 

5 11 
/. 

6 11 
#\ 

\ / 

6 in  10  in 

10  11 

4 1 

V 

3 11 

V 

4 11 

4 hi 

00  . 

,8  measures 

00  / 4 

3 in 

V 

III  q 

1 1 


\ 

1 nr 


/ 

2 m 


Ranks  1 and  3 form  in  four  circles.  Rank  2 forms  in  one  square  in  the 
middle  and  two  pyramids  one  on  each  side  of  the  square  and 
outward  from  the  circles. 


124 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


2*  f 


At  the  next  signal  : 


> 


a, 


b, 


c, 


Those  in  the  circles  cross  arms  backward  (with  next  boys) 
right  arms  over  left  arms,  grasping  the  other  ring. 

The  arms,  hands  and  rings  now  form  a complete  chain. 

All  in  the  circles  bend  trunk  and  head  slowly  backward,  as  far 
as  possible.  Knees  straight  and  closed,  feet  firmly  on  the  ' 
floor. 

rIhose  in  the  square  and  pyramid,  longe  obliquely  forward  with 
inner  feet,  towards  the  center,  inner  arms  in  oblique 
position  upward,  all  grasping  one  ring,  outer  arms  in  oblique 
position  downward.  (See  illustration  page  61) 


8 measures. 


3 a,  All  recover,  rather  slowly  to  the  fundamental  position,  march  to  ) 

original  places  in  the  columns,  face  front  and  halt.  1 8 measures. 

b,  Finale.  ) 

A WAND  EXERCISE. 

(Arranged  for  musical  accompaniment.) 

Music:  Even  time  : %,  2 8,  4-16,  etc.  notes  =One  gymnastic  coun% 

Triple  time:  One  measure  = One  gymnastic  count. 

Arrangement  of  the  Class. 


I II  III  IV. 

Wand  in  position  forward,  down. 

Prelude  - 


8 measures. 


PART  I. 


1. 


2. 


a, 


c, 

4 


a , 

b, 

c, 

di 

/, 


Wand  in  position  forward  — in;  position  upward  — in  " 
position  forward  — and  down  — in  4 counts. 

Wand  in  position  forward  and  raise  heels  — wand  in 
position  upward  and  lower  heels  — wand  in 
position  forward  and  raise  heels  — wand  down  and 
lower  heels  — in  4 counts. 

Repeat  ia  4 counts. 

Wand  in  position  forward  and  bend  knees  — wand  in 
position  upward  and  straighten  knees  — wand  in 
position  forward  and  bend  knees  — wand  down  and  J 
straighten  knees — in  4 counts. 

Wand  in  position  on  chest  side-right,  and  stepposition  ^ 
side-right — wand  down  and  close  heels — in  2 counts. 

Repeat  2a  — 2 counts. 

Exercises  2a  and  2b  to  the  left  — in  4 counts. 

Wand  in  position  side-right,  and  stepposition  side-left  — 
wand  down  and  close  heels  — in  2 counts. 

Repeat  2d  — in  2 counts. 

Exercises  2d  and  2e  reversed  — in  4 counts. 


16  counts. 


16  counts. 


Interlude  ------  8 measures* 


WAND. 


i25 


PART  II. 


All: 

1.  a,  Wand  in  vertical  position  forward,  left  hand  upward  \ 
and  cross-stepposition  forward  right  — longe  side- 
right  and  wand  in  position  upward  — recover  to 
cross-stepposition  forward  right,  and  wand  in 
vertical  position  forward,  left  hand  upward  — 
wand  down  and  close  heels — in  4 counts. 
b , Bepeat  la  in  4 counts. 

<•,  All: 

Exercise  la  reversed  — in  4 counts. 
d , Repeat  exercise  1 c — in  4 counts.  / 


2.  a , Ranks  II  and  III  alone: 

Rank  II  exercise  1 c \ 

Rank  III  exercise  la.  ) 

b , Ranks  I and  IV  alone: 

Rank  I exercise  1 c.  ) 

Rank  IV  exercise  la.  j 

c,  All  simultaneously: 

Ranks  I and  II  exercise  la  ) 
Ranks  III  and  IV  exercise  lc  ) 

d , Repeat  exercises  2c 


\ 

- in  4 counts. 


in  4 counts. 

in  4 counts, 
in  4 counts. 


16  counts- 


3.  a , 


Ranks  I and  IV  alone: 
Rank  I exercise  la.  \ 

Rank  IV  exercise  1 c.  j 

Ranks  II  and  III  alone: 
Rank  II  exercise  1 c ) 

Rank  III  exercise  la.  j 

All  simultaneously: 

Exercise  3 a and  3d,  twice 


- 4 counts.  \ 


- 4 counts. 
— 8 counts.  / 


16  counts. 


4.  a , Wand  at  right  shoulder  in  2 counts. 

b,  Rest  6 counts. 

c,  Interlude  - 


8 counts. 


4 measures, 


Simultaneous. 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


126 


PART  III. 


GROUPING. 


1.  At  the  signal  (a  tap)  all  march  to  their  places  accord- 
ing- to  the  following  diagram  face  front  and  halt. 

Ill  4 


At  the  signal  (a  tap). 


, Rank  I,  kneel  on  right  knee,  and  place  wand  \ 
in  slanting  position  upward  at  right  side. 

, Rank  IV  same  as  rank  I except  kneel  on  left 
knee  and  wand  at  left  side. 

, Rank  II  same  as  Rank  I except  longe  forward 
left. 

r,  Nos.  1,  2 and  3 of  Rank  III  same  as  Rank  II 
except  longe  forward  right. 

, No.  4 of  Rank  III,  raise  on  toes,  place  right 
arm  in  position  upward  and  wand  in  vertical 
position  (extention  of  the  arm.)  j 

See  illustration  page  75. 


8 measures. 


At  the  signal  (a  tap.) 

3.  All  rise,  place  wand  at  right  shoulder  and  march  ) ^ 

to  their  original  place,  face  front  and  halt. 
b.  Finale. 


Simultaneous.  Simultaneous.  Simultaneous. 


INDIAN  CLUBS. 


127 


AN  INDIAN  CLUB  EXERCISE. 

(Arranged  for  musical  accompaniment.) 

Music.— Triple  time:  One  measure=One  count  or  swing-. 

ARRANGEMENT  OF  THE  CLASS, 
o' 

Si 

7 — 

6 — 

5 — 

4 — 

3 — 


Clubs  in  first  position. 

Prelude  -------  8 measures.. 

PART  I. 


POSITIONS. 

All  : 

1.  Raise  arms  forward-upward  — through  the  first  count  ) 

and  cross  clubs  over  head  at  the  second  count  — pause  4 counts., 
in  this  position  two  counts.  j 


I. 


/ Ranks  I and  ill : 

Move  arms  outward  through  the  first  count  and  place 
them  in  position  outward  at  the  second  count  — pause 
in  this  position  two  counts.  j 

\ Rank  II  clubs  crossed  over  head  . 


8 counts. 


/ Rank  I:  Move  arms  towards  diagonal  position  outward  \ 

left  arm  upward  through  the  first  count  — and  place 
them  in  this  position  at  the  second  count — pause  in 
this  position  two  counts. 

Rank  hi  : Same  as  Rank  I except  opposite  diagonal  pos. 

Rank  II : Move  arms  outward  through  the  first  count  — 
and  place  them  in  oblique  position  upward  at  the 
\ second  count  — pause  in  this  position  two  counts . J 
/ Rank  I and  III  move  arms  towards  opposite  diagonal  position 
through  the  first  count  — and  place  them  in  this  position 
at  the  second  count  --  pause  in  this  position  two  counts. 

Rank  II:  Move  arms  outward  towards  oblique  position 

downward  through  the  fi>*st  count  — and  place  them  in 
this  position  at  the  second  count  — pause  in  this  position 
\ two  counts.  y 


4 counts. 


4 counts. 


Move  clubs  towards  second  position  through  the  first  count — and  place 
them  in  the  second  position  at  the  second  count  — pause  2 counts  — 
in  4 counts. 


interlude 


4 measurers .. 


Simultaneous. 


5 28 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


PART  II. 


a,  Arms  in  position  upward  — double  front  arm  circle  to  the 

right  — arms  in  position  upward  — and  clubs  in  second 
positiou  — in  4 counts. 

b,  Repeat  I a in  4 counts 

c,  Exercise  1 a to  the  left,  4 counts. 

d , Repeat  exercise  1 c in  4 counts. 


8 counts. 


8 counts. 


2*  2 f Rank  I,  Exercise  la. 

Rank  III,  Exercise  1 c. 

Rank  II  arms  in  position  upward  — double  front  outer 
arm  circle  — arms  in  position  upward  — and  clubs  in 
second  position. 

b,  Repeat  exercise  2 a — 4 counts. 


/Rank  1,  Exercise  1 c,  twice. 

Rank  ill,  Exercise  10,  twice. 

Rank  II,  Arms  in  position  upward  — longe  forward, 
and  arms  in  position  outwsrd  — pause  in  this 
. position  four  counts  — recover,  and  arms  in  position 
\ upward  — and  clubs  in  second  position. 


4 c. 


8 c. 


8 counts. 


Interlude 


8 measures. 


PART  III. 


GROUPING. 

1 . At  the  signal  (a  tap)  all  march  forward  lowering  the  clubs  in 
the  first  position,  form  in  five  squares,  facing  inward  as 
shown  in  the  diagram.  No.  6 of  Rank  II  standing  in  the 
middle  of  the  center  square,  and  halt. 

1.7  ni.  7 

1,5  | • ♦ [ 6,1  fii,5  | . | in, 6 

1-4  11,7  111,4 

* 

11,6 

n,  4 I * — -I  ii,5 


| 8 measures. 


1.3 


ii,3 


m,3 


1,2  I • 


1, 1 


n,2  | • 


• I hi,2 


hi,  1 


INDIAN  CLUBS. 


129 


At  the  next  signal: 


2. 


/ The  four  outer  squares:  \ 

All  place  outer  clubs  over  outer  shoulders,  the 
inner  arms  (and  clubs)  in  slant  position  for- 
ward-downward, the  base  of  the  four  clubs 
\ meeting  over  the  center  of  the  square. 

' No.  6 standing  within  the  center  square  places 
the  right  arm  (and  clubs)  in  vertical  position 
upward,  the  left  arm  in  vertical  position  down- 
\ ward. 

^ The  center  square:  All  place  outer  clubs  over 

outer  shoulders,  the  inner  arms  (and  clubs)  in 
slant  position  forward-upward,  the  base  of 
the  four  clubs  being  over  the  head  and  touch-  J 
\ ing  the  arm  of  No.  6. 


Simultaneous. 


All  remain  in  this  position  through  8 measures. 


At  the  next  signal:  ) 

All  resume  the  fundamental  position,  clubs  in  first  [ 8 measures, 
position  and  march  to  their  places,  face  front  and  halt.  ) 


PART  IV. 


At  the  first  beat  of  the  fifth  measure  of  the  foregoing  eight  measures  all  place  clubs 
in  second  position.  (2  counts.) 

I.  All  : 


a Simult  1 arm:  Outer  half-front  arm  circle  j (pausing  at  the  left.) 

’ * J Left  arm:  Inner  half-front  arm  circle  ( one  count. 

Simult  ^ Right  arm:  Inner  half- front  arm  circle  j (slight  pause  at  the  right.) 

* ( Left  arm:  Outer  half  back  arm  circle  ( one  count. 

Simult  -I  ^ ’&ht  arm:  Outer  half  front  arm  circle  j (no  interruption  at  the  left.) 

* j Left  arm:  Inner  half  front  arm  circle  j one  count. 


Both  clubs  in  second  position 
b , Repeat  la. 


/ 


1 count. 


8 counts. 


J3°  LIGHT  GYMNASTICS. 


2.  All  Exercise  la  reversed,  repeating  once  — in  8 counts. 

/ Rank  i,  exercise  i — 8 counts. 

I Rank  III,  Exerc.se  2—8  counts. 

Rank  II:  Double  inner  half  front  arm  circle  (slight  pause 

£ in  position  outward.) 

8 Double  outer  half  front  arm  circle  (slight  pause — 

£ j right  arm  in  position  side-left  ) 

3 ( left  arm  in  position  sideright  ( 

B 

r/3  Double  inner  half  front  arm  circle  (no  interruption  in  position 
outward)  and  both  clubs  in  second  position  — in  4 counts. 

\ bj  Repeat  3«. 

Interlude  - - - 


PART  V. 


POSING. 


1.  /Rank  I : 

a , Double  inner  half  front  arm  circle  — (1  count)  — longe 
side-right,  turn  head  side  right  — right  club  in 
oblique  position  upward  — left  club  on  left  shoulder 

— (t  count)  — remain  in  this  position  through  5 
counts  — recover  and  double  inner  half  front  arm 
circle  — (1  count)  — clubs  in  second  position  (1  count) 

— all  in  8 counts. 

b , Rank  III:  Same  as  Rank  I in  opposite  direction  — in 

8 counts. 

c , Rank  II  : Double  inner  half  front  arm  circle  (1  count) 

— longe  forward  right  and  arms  in  position  outward 

— (1  count)  — remain  in  this  position  through  5 
counts  — recover  and  double  inner  half  front  arm 
circle  (1  count)  — clubs  in  second  position  (1  count) 

— all  in  8 counts.  / 


a 

00 


V 


Rank  I.  Exercise  la. 

Rank  III,  Exercise  1 a 

Rank  II,  Same  as  exercise  ic,  except  longe  backward  left 
and  cross  clubs  over  head. 


Interlude 


8 counts. 


8 measures.. 


8 counts. 


8 counts. 


8 measures. 


INDIAN  CLUBS. 


i3i 


PART  VI. 


At  the  signal: 


GROUPING. 


1.  All  march  to  their  places  as  shown  in  the  diagram,  face 

front  and  halt- 


3 ii  4 ii 
2 ii 
1 1 


At  the  next  signal: 


Fig.  86. 


a , All  of  Rank  I : Longe  obliquely  \ 

/ forward  right,  arms  in  slant  pos  - 

tion  forward- upward  (to  the  right.) 

b,  All  ot  Rank  III:  Same  as  rank  I 

except  opposite  longe  and  arm 
* positions. 

C,  Rank  II:  No.  6:  Arms  in  oblique 

position  upward  (heels  closed.) 

No.  5.  Right  arm  in  vertical  position 
upward,  left  ai  m vertical  position 
downward  (heels  closed.) 

No.  4.  Longe  side-right,  arms  in  slant 
positi(  n side-right,  upward  (see 
Cut  Fig.  86.  diagram  of  clubs  of 
Rank  II.) 

No.  3.  Same  as  No.  4 except  op- 
posite longe  and  arm  position. 
The  upper  clubs  of  Nos  3 and  4 
cross  at  the  handle;  the  lower 
clubs  meet  at  the  base. 

No.  2:  Longe  forward  right,  arms  in 

position  outward. 

No  1:  Kneel  on  left  knee,  clubs/ 

\ cross  on  the  breast.  (See  Fig.  86. 


At  the  next  signal: 

3.  All  resume  the  fundamental  position,  clubs  in  first  ) 

position,  march  to  their  original'  places,  face  -8  measures, 
front  and  halt.  ) 


8 measures. 


a System  of  Physical  Culture 

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3T 


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